{
  "id": 776,
  "subject_type": "incident",
  "subject_id": 196,
  "field": "stated_justification",
  "value": "Fourth Circuit's reasoning on the Espionage Act",
  "statement": "Judge Russell explained that different sections of the Espionage Act covered disclosure to foreign governments and disclosure to others, including the press.",
  "attribution": null,
  "source_id": 529,
  "evidence_quote": "Writing for the court, Judge Donald Stewart Russell noted that section (d) of the Espionage Act dealt with the transmission of information to foreign governments while section (e) dealt with the transmission of this information to others, such as the press.",
  "evidence_date": "2009",
  "method": "outlet_report",
  "verified_at": "2026-09-26",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "status": "current",
  "supersedes_id": null,
  "superseded_by": null,
  "supersede_reason": null,
  "batch_label": "historical-2026-09-26",
  "created_at": "2026-09-26T18:02:16Z",
  "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/claims/776",
  "subject_url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1985-us-morison-espionage-act-conviction",
  "source": {
    "id": 529,
    "url": "https://firstamendment.mtsu.edu/article/united-states-v-morison-4th-cir/",
    "final_url": "https://firstamendment.mtsu.edu/article/united-states-v-morison-4th-cir/",
    "title": "United States v. Morison (4th Cir.) (1988)",
    "publisher": "The First Amendment Encyclopedia, Middle Tennessee State University",
    "published_on": "2009",
    "link_state": "live",
    "link_state_since": "2026-09-26T18:11:00Z",
    "wayback_url": null,
    "wayback_saved_at": null
  },
  "license": {
    "name": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
  }
}