{
  "id": 780,
  "subject_type": "incident",
  "subject_id": 196,
  "field": "effect_on_reporting",
  "value": "Branzburg's actual holding",
  "statement": "The Fourth Circuit's ruling rested on Branzburg v. Hayes, in which the Supreme Court had held that reporters must respond to grand jury subpoenas the same as other citizens.",
  "attribution": null,
  "source_id": 530,
  "evidence_quote": "The sole issue before us is the obligation of reporters to respond to grand jury subpoenas as other citizens do and to answer questions relevant to an investigation into the commission of crime.",
  "evidence_date": "1972",
  "method": "court_record",
  "verified_at": "2026-09-26",
  "confidence": "high",
  "status": "current",
  "supersedes_id": null,
  "superseded_by": null,
  "supersede_reason": null,
  "batch_label": "historical-2026-09-26",
  "created_at": "2026-09-26T18:02:18Z",
  "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/claims/780",
  "subject_url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1985-us-morison-espionage-act-conviction",
  "source": {
    "id": 530,
    "url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/408/665",
    "final_url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/408/665",
    "title": "Branzburg v. Hayes, 408 U.S. 665 (1972)",
    "publisher": "Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School",
    "published_on": "1972",
    "link_state": "live",
    "link_state_since": "2026-09-26T18:11:00Z",
    "wayback_url": null,
    "wayback_saved_at": null
  },
  "license": {
    "name": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
  }
}