{
  "id": 942,
  "subject_type": "incident",
  "subject_id": 221,
  "field": "outlet_affected",
  "value": "Convicted for articles in the Missouri Staats Zeitung",
  "statement": "Frohwerk was convicted of conspiring to violate the Espionage Act of 1917 through articles he wrote for the Missouri newspaper Staats Zeitung opposing American involvement in the war.",
  "attribution": null,
  "source_id": 591,
  "evidence_quote": "Jacob Frohwerk was convicted of conspiring to violate provisions of the Espionage Act of 1917 by writing articles published in the Missouri newspaper Staats Zeitung opposing U.S. involvement in World War I.",
  "evidence_date": "2009",
  "method": "outlet_report",
  "verified_at": "2026-09-26",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "status": "current",
  "supersedes_id": null,
  "superseded_by": null,
  "supersede_reason": null,
  "batch_label": "historical-2026-09-26",
  "created_at": "2026-09-26T18:08:27Z",
  "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/claims/942",
  "subject_url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1918-us-espionage-act-conviction-of-editor-frohwerk",
  "source": {
    "id": 591,
    "url": "https://firstamendment.mtsu.edu/article/frohwerk-v-united-states/",
    "final_url": "https://firstamendment.mtsu.edu/article/frohwerk-v-united-states/",
    "title": "Frohwerk v. United States (1919)",
    "publisher": "Frohwerk v. United States (1919)",
    "published_on": "2009",
    "link_state": "live",
    "link_state_since": "2026-09-26T18:11:00Z",
    "wayback_url": null,
    "wayback_saved_at": null
  },
  "license": {
    "name": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
  }
}