# Compare: who did what, when: licensing and closure of outlets Each row is a tactic and each column a country. A cell lists the dated incidents in which that country's government used that tactic, with the head of government at the time and the outcome. Every incident links to its sources. Narrow with ?continent=, ?country= (comma-separated ISO codes), ?tactic=, ?from=, ?to=, ?outcome=, ?level= or ?leader=. 21 incidents, 7 tactics, 20 countries. | Tactic | Argentina | Brazil | Cambodia | Egypt | Ethiopia | Germany | Hong Kong | Hungary | India | Myanmar | Pakistan | Russia | Slovakia | South Africa | South Korea | Tanzania | Türkiye | United Kingdom | United States | Zimbabwe | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | [Credential control](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/credential_control) | | | | | | 1933-10-04 Nazi Germany's Editors Law bars Jewish journalists from the press and puts editors under state direction; head of government Adolf Hitler; reversed | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | [Licensing and closure of outlets](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/outlet_licensing) | 2024-03-04 Milei's government shuts down Argentina's state news agency Telam; head of government Javier Milei; sustained | 1939 Brazil's Vargas government creates a state messaging department with broad press powers; head of government Getúlio Vargas; reversed | 2017-09-04 Cambodia's government forces the closure of The Cambodia Daily with a disputed multimillion-dollar tax bill; head of government Hun Sen; sustained | 1960-05-24 Egypt's Nasser government nationalizes every newspaper and magazine in the country; head of government Gamal Abdel Nasser; ongoing | 2025-09-03 Ethiopia arrests at least six journalists including Sheger FM staff over election-year coverage; head of government Abiy Ahmed; ongoing | 1933-10-04 Nazi Germany's Editors Law bars Jewish journalists from the press and puts editors under state direction; head of government Adolf Hitler; reversed | 2025-12-15 China (Hong Kong): conviction and 20-year sentence of the media owner Jimmy Lai under the National Security Law, 2025 to 2026; head of government John Lee; sustained | 2010-12-21 Hungary's parliament gives a government-appointed media council power to fine outlets for unbalanced coverage; head of government Viktor Orban; sustained | 1975-06-26 India imposes pre-press controls on every newspaper during the 1975 Emergency; head of government Indira Gandhi; reversed | 2021-03-08 Myanmar junta revokes five outlets' licenses and raids newsrooms after coup; head of government Min Aung Hlaing; sustained | 2025-01-29 Pakistan amends cybercrime law to create new agency policing 'fake' online content; head of government Shehbaz Sharif; sustained | 1922 Soviet Russia creates Glavlit, a central office to review all printed material before publication; head of government Vladimir Lenin; ongoing; 2001-04-14 State-controlled Gazprom takes formal control of Russia's independent NTV television network; head of government Vladimir Putin; sustained | 2024-06-20 Slovakia's parliament dissolves public broadcaster RTVS, replaces it with STVR; head of government Robert Fico; sustained | 1950-03-17 South Africa's Suppression of Communism Act lets the government ban publications and restrict individuals; head of government Daniel François Malan; reversed | 1980-07-31 South Korea's martial-law government purges journalists who resisted press controls; head of government Chun Doo-hwan; reversed | 2018-03-16 Tanzania requires bloggers and online publishers to register and pay an annual government fee; head of government John Magufuli; unknown | 2016-07-27 Turkey closes more than 100 media outlets by decree after a failed coup attempt; head of government Recep Tayyip Erdoğan; sustained | 1988-10-01 United Kingdom bars broadcasters from airing Sinn Féin members' own voices; head of government Margaret Thatcher; reversed | 2025-09-17 United States: Federal Communications Commission chairman's remarks and the suspension of Jimmy Kimmel Live!, September 2025; head of government Donald Trump; reversed | 2002-03-15 Zimbabwe enacts a law requiring all journalists and media houses to hold government licenses; head of government Robert Mugabe; unknown | | [Prior restraint](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/prior_restraint) | | 1939 Brazil's Vargas government creates a state messaging department with broad press powers; head of government Getúlio Vargas; reversed | | | | | | | 1975-06-26 India imposes pre-press controls on every newspaper during the 1975 Emergency; head of government Indira Gandhi; reversed | | | 1922 Soviet Russia creates Glavlit, a central office to review all printed material before publication; head of government Vladimir Lenin; ongoing | | 1950-03-17 South Africa's Suppression of Communism Act lets the government ban publications and restrict individuals; head of government Daniel François Malan; reversed | | | | 1988-10-01 United Kingdom bars broadcasters from airing Sinn Féin members' own voices; head of government Margaret Thatcher; reversed | | | | [Secrets and espionage laws](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/secrets_and_espionage_laws) | | | | | | | 2025-12-15 China (Hong Kong): conviction and 20-year sentence of the media owner Jimmy Lai under the National Security Law, 2025 to 2026; head of government John Lee; sustained | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | [Funding and ownership pressure](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/funding_and_ownership_pressure) | 2024-03-04 Milei's government shuts down Argentina's state news agency Telam; head of government Javier Milei; sustained | | 2017-09-04 Cambodia's government forces the closure of The Cambodia Daily with a disputed multimillion-dollar tax bill; head of government Hun Sen; sustained | 1960-05-24 Egypt's Nasser government nationalizes every newspaper and magazine in the country; head of government Gamal Abdel Nasser; ongoing | | | | 2010-12-21 Hungary's parliament gives a government-appointed media council power to fine outlets for unbalanced coverage; head of government Viktor Orban; sustained | | | | 2001-04-14 State-controlled Gazprom takes formal control of Russia's independent NTV television network; head of government Vladimir Putin; sustained | 2024-06-20 Slovakia's parliament dissolves public broadcaster RTVS, replaces it with STVR; head of government Robert Fico; sustained | | | 2018-03-16 Tanzania requires bloggers and online publishers to register and pay an annual government fee; head of government John Magufuli; unknown | | | 2025-09-17 United States: Federal Communications Commission chairman's remarks and the suspension of Jimmy Kimmel Live!, September 2025; head of government Donald Trump; reversed | | | [Detention and violence](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/detention_and_violence) | | | | | 2025-09-03 Ethiopia arrests at least six journalists including Sheger FM staff over election-year coverage; head of government Abiy Ahmed; ongoing | | 2025-12-15 China (Hong Kong): conviction and 20-year sentence of the media owner Jimmy Lai under the National Security Law, 2025 to 2026; head of government John Lee; sustained | | | 2021-03-08 Myanmar junta revokes five outlets' licenses and raids newsrooms after coup; head of government Min Aung Hlaing; sustained | | | | 1950-03-17 South Africa's Suppression of Communism Act lets the government ban publications and restrict individuals; head of government Daniel François Malan; reversed | 1980-07-31 South Korea's martial-law government purges journalists who resisted press controls; head of government Chun Doo-hwan; reversed | | | | | | | [Official labels](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/disinformation_labeling) | | | | | | | | | | | 2025-01-29 Pakistan amends cybercrime law to create new agency policing 'fake' online content; head of government Shehbaz Sharif; sustained | | | | | | | | | | Download this comparison. 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