# South America

Government actions against journalists in South America

The number of entries reflects the depth of this record, not the severity of a country's conduct.

## Countries

- [Argentina](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/ar) ([RSF 2026 rank: 98th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index))
- [Brazil](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/br) ([RSF 2026 rank: 52nd of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index))
- [Chile](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/cl) ([RSF 2026 rank: 70th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index))
- [Ecuador](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/ec) ([RSF 2026 rank: 125th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index))
- [Venezuela](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/ve) ([RSF 2026 rank: 159th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index))

## Tactics used

- [Licensing and closure of outlets](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents?continent=south-america&tactic=outlet_licensing), ladder: https://thewaronnews.com/ladders/outlet_licensing?continent=south-america
- [Prior restraint](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents?continent=south-america&tactic=prior_restraint), ladder: https://thewaronnews.com/ladders/prior_restraint?continent=south-america
- [Insult and defamation laws](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents?continent=south-america&tactic=insult_and_defamation_laws), ladder: https://thewaronnews.com/ladders/insult_and_defamation_laws?continent=south-america
- [Funding and ownership pressure](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents?continent=south-america&tactic=funding_and_ownership_pressure), ladder: https://thewaronnews.com/ladders/funding_and_ownership_pressure?continent=south-america
- [Expulsion and visa denial](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents?continent=south-america&tactic=expulsion_and_visa_denial), ladder: https://thewaronnews.com/ladders/expulsion_and_visa_denial?continent=south-america
- [Shutdowns and blocking](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents?continent=south-america&tactic=shutdowns_and_blocking), ladder: https://thewaronnews.com/ladders/shutdowns_and_blocking?continent=south-america
- [Detention and violence](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents?continent=south-america&tactic=detention_and_violence), ladder: https://thewaronnews.com/ladders/detention_and_violence?continent=south-america

## Incidents

| Date | Incident | Country | Tactic | Head of government | Outcome |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| July 28, 2024 | [Venezuela detains, expels and restricts journalists after disputed 2024 election](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2024-venezuela-post-election-press-crackdown) | [Venezuela](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/ve) ([RSF 2026 rank: 159th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Detention and violence](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/detention_and_violence) | [Nicolas Maduro](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/nicolas-maduro) | Sustained |
| March 4, 2024 | [Milei's government shuts down Argentina's state news agency Telam](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2024-argentina-milei-closes-telam) | [Argentina](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/ar) ([RSF 2026 rank: 98th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Funding and ownership pressure](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/funding_and_ownership_pressure) | [Javier Milei](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/javier-milei) | Sustained |
| September 1, 2017 | [Venezuela expels or denies entry to dozens of foreign journalists covering anti-government protests](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2017-venezuela-foreign-journalists-expelled) | [Venezuela](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/ve) ([RSF 2026 rank: 159th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Expulsion and visa denial](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/expulsion_and_visa_denial) | [Nicolas Maduro](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/nicolas-maduro) | Ongoing (January 25, 2018) |
| June 25, 2013 | [Ecuador's Organic Communication Law creates a regulator that issues hundreds of sanctions against journalists and outlets](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2013-ecuador-communications-law-supercom) | [Ecuador](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/ec) ([RSF 2026 rank: 125th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Funding and ownership pressure](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/funding_and_ownership_pressure) | [Rafael Correa](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/rafael-correa) | Reversed (July 24, 2018) |
| March 24, 1976 | [Argentina's military junta threatens journalists with prison for reporting on its opponents](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1976-argentina-junta-press-decrees) | [Argentina](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/ar) ([RSF 2026 rank: 98th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Detention and violence](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/detention_and_violence) | [Jorge Rafael Videla](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/jorge-videla) | Reversed (December 10, 1983) |
| September 11, 1973 | [Chile's military government shuts opposition radio stations and newspapers after the 1973 coup](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1973-chile-coup-press-shutdown) | [Chile](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/cl) ([RSF 2026 rank: 70th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Shutdowns and blocking](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/shutdowns_and_blocking) | [Augusto Pinochet](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/augusto-pinochet) | Sustained (March 1, 1990) |
| 1939 | [Brazil's Vargas government creates a state messaging department with broad press powers](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1939-brazil-vargas-creates-dip) | [Brazil](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/br) ([RSF 2026 rank: 52nd of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Licensing and closure of outlets](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/outlet_licensing) | [Getúlio Vargas](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/getulio-vargas) | Reversed (January 1, 1945) |

Ladders: https://thewaronnews.com/ladders

Download incidents in South America. CSV, JSON or Markdown. CC BY 4.0; credit "The War On News, thewaronnews.com".
- CSV: https://thewaronnews.com/continents/south-america?format=csv
- JSON: https://thewaronnews.com/continents/south-america.json
- Markdown: https://thewaronnews.com/continents/south-america.md

Source page: https://thewaronnews.com/continents/south-america. The War On News, CC BY 4.0.