{
  "iso2": "ES",
  "name": "Spain",
  "continent": "europe",
  "region": "Southern Europe",
  "press_freedom": null,
  "incident_count": 1,
  "tactics": [
    {
      "slug": "credential_control",
      "name": "Credential control",
      "count": 1
    },
    {
      "slug": "insult_and_defamation_laws",
      "name": "Insult and defamation laws",
      "count": 1
    },
    {
      "slug": "prior_restraint",
      "name": "Prior restraint",
      "count": 1
    }
  ],
  "leaders": [
    {
      "slug": "francisco-franco",
      "name": "Francisco Franco",
      "count": 1,
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/francisco-franco"
    }
  ],
  "incidents_by_year": {
    "1938": [
      {
        "slug": "1938-spain-franco-press-law",
        "title": "Franco's Spain requires state permission to be a journalist under a wartime Press Law",
        "occurred_on": "1938-04-01",
        "occurred_on_precision": "month",
        "country": "ES",
        "country_name": "Spain",
        "continent": "europe",
        "jurisdiction": "ES",
        "level": "national",
        "tactic_primary": "credential_control",
        "tactics": [
          "credential_control",
          "insult_and_defamation_laws",
          "prior_restraint"
        ],
        "leader_slug": "francisco-franco",
        "leader_name": "Francisco Franco",
        "issue_of_the_day": "Franco's Nationalist forces were still fighting Spain's civil war in April 1938 and used the new Press Law to consolidate direct control over which newspapers could exist and who could work as a journalist within them.",
        "outcome": "reversed",
        "outcome_on": "1977-04-01",
        "outcome_note": "Spain abolished prior press press controls by decree in April 1977, after Franco's 1975 death, ahead of the 1978 constitution that guaranteed freedom of the press.",
        "era": "1930s",
        "granularity": "anchor",
        "status": "historical",
        "case_count": 0,
        "summary": "While Spain's civil war continued, the Nationalist government led by Francisco Franco enacted a Press Law in April 1938 requiring government permission to found a newspaper, work as a journalist or direct a paper, alongside continued pre-publication press controls and years-long prison terms for vaguely defined offenses.",
        "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1938-spain-franco-press-law"
      }
    ]
  },
  "downloads": {
    "csv": "https://thewaronnews.com/countries/es?format=csv",
    "json": "https://thewaronnews.com/countries/es.json",
    "md": "https://thewaronnews.com/countries/es.md"
  },
  "license": {
    "name": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
  }
}