{
  "iso2": "MY",
  "name": "Malaysia",
  "continent": "asia",
  "region": "South-eastern Asia",
  "press_freedom": {
    "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
    "rank": 95,
    "year": 2026,
    "of": 180,
    "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 95th of 180",
    "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
  },
  "counts_caveat": "The number of entries reflects the depth of this record, not the severity of a country's conduct.",
  "incident_count": 1,
  "tactics": [
    {
      "slug": "funding_and_ownership_pressure",
      "name": "Funding and ownership pressure",
      "count": 1,
      "ladder_url": "https://thewaronnews.com/ladders/funding_and_ownership_pressure"
    },
    {
      "slug": "surveillance_and_subpoenas",
      "name": "Surveillance and subpoenas",
      "count": 1,
      "ladder_url": "https://thewaronnews.com/ladders/surveillance_and_subpoenas"
    }
  ],
  "leaders": [
    {
      "slug": "mahathir-mohamad",
      "name": "Mahathir Mohamad",
      "count": 1,
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/mahathir-mohamad"
    }
  ],
  "incidents_by_year": {
    "1998": [
      {
        "slug": "1998-malaysia-anwar-arrest-press-restrictions",
        "title": "Malaysia pressures domestic media and monitors foreign correspondents after arresting former deputy premier Anwar Ibrahim",
        "occurred_on": "1998-09-20",
        "occurred_on_precision": "day",
        "country": "MY",
        "country_name": "Malaysia",
        "continent": "asia",
        "jurisdiction": "MY",
        "level": "national",
        "tactic_primary": "surveillance_and_subpoenas",
        "tactics": [
          "funding_and_ownership_pressure",
          "surveillance_and_subpoenas"
        ],
        "leader_slug": "mahathir-mohamad",
        "leader_name": "Mahathir Mohamad",
        "issue_of_the_day": "The September 1998 dismissal, arrest and prosecution of former deputy prime minister Anwar Ibrahim on corruption and sodomy charges.",
        "outcome": "unknown",
        "outcome_on": null,
        "outcome_note": "The sources reviewed do not describe a formal reversal of the surveillance of journalists or the pressure on party-linked papers during this period.",
        "stage": "pressure",
        "ladder_note": null,
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 95,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 95th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        },
        "era": "1990s",
        "granularity": "anchor",
        "status": "historical",
        "case_count": 0,
        "summary": "After Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad's government arrested former deputy prime minister Anwar Ibrahim in September 1998, party-linked newspapers pressured staff to follow the official line, police visited journalists who interviewed his wife, and authorities said they would monitor internet traffic about the case.",
        "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1998-malaysia-anwar-arrest-press-restrictions"
      }
    ]
  },
  "downloads": {
    "csv": "https://thewaronnews.com/countries/my?format=csv",
    "json": "https://thewaronnews.com/countries/my.json",
    "md": "https://thewaronnews.com/countries/my.md"
  },
  "license": {
    "name": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
  }
}