{
  "iso2": "PL",
  "name": "Poland",
  "continent": "europe",
  "region": "Eastern Europe",
  "press_freedom": null,
  "incident_count": 2,
  "tactics": [
    {
      "slug": "detention_and_violence",
      "name": "Detention and violence",
      "count": 1
    },
    {
      "slug": "funding_and_ownership_pressure",
      "name": "Funding and ownership pressure",
      "count": 1
    },
    {
      "slug": "shutdowns_and_blocking",
      "name": "Shutdowns and blocking",
      "count": 1
    }
  ],
  "leaders": [
    {
      "slug": "beata-szydlo",
      "name": "Beata Szydlo",
      "count": 1,
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/beata-szydlo"
    },
    {
      "slug": "wojciech-jaruzelski",
      "name": "Wojciech Jaruzelski",
      "count": 1,
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/wojciech-jaruzelski"
    }
  ],
  "incidents_by_year": {
    "1981": [
      {
        "slug": "1981-poland-martial-law-press-suspended",
        "title": "Poland's martial law government shuts nearly all newspapers and interns journalists overnight",
        "occurred_on": "1981-12-13",
        "occurred_on_precision": "day",
        "country": "PL",
        "country_name": "Poland",
        "continent": "europe",
        "jurisdiction": "PL",
        "level": "national",
        "tactic_primary": "shutdowns_and_blocking",
        "tactics": [
          "detention_and_violence",
          "shutdowns_and_blocking"
        ],
        "leader_slug": "wojciech-jaruzelski",
        "leader_name": "Wojciech Jaruzelski",
        "issue_of_the_day": "Poland's Solidarity trade union movement had grown into a mass challenge to Communist Party rule through 1980 and 1981, and Jaruzelski's government imposed martial law to suppress the movement and the independent press associated with it.",
        "outcome": "reversed",
        "outcome_on": "1983-07-22",
        "outcome_note": "Martial law was formally lifted on July 22, 1983, though reduced press press controls in Poland continued until the fall of Communist rule in 1989.",
        "era": "1980s",
        "granularity": "anchor",
        "status": "historical",
        "case_count": 0,
        "summary": "On December 13, 1981, General Wojciech Jaruzelski declared martial law in Poland, cutting phone and telex lines, suspending nearly all newspapers, and interning thousands of people, most Solidarity trade union journalists among them, within days.",
        "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1981-poland-martial-law-press-suspended"
      }
    ],
    "2015": [
      {
        "slug": "2015-poland-public-media-law-firings",
        "title": "Poland's new government gains power to replace public broadcaster leadership, and journalists are dismissed",
        "occurred_on": "2015-12-31",
        "occurred_on_precision": "day",
        "country": "PL",
        "country_name": "Poland",
        "continent": "europe",
        "jurisdiction": "PL",
        "level": "national",
        "tactic_primary": "funding_and_ownership_pressure",
        "tactics": [
          "funding_and_ownership_pressure"
        ],
        "leader_slug": "beata-szydlo",
        "leader_name": "Beata Szydlo",
        "issue_of_the_day": "Law and Justice's decisive October 2015 election win and its stated aim of overhauling public institutions it viewed as insufficiently accountable to voters.",
        "outcome": "sustained",
        "outcome_on": "2019-12-31",
        "outcome_note": "The appointment power and pattern of dismissals continued through the remainder of the PiS government's term; ownership of the public broadcasters changed only after a later change of government.",
        "era": "2010s",
        "granularity": "anchor",
        "status": "historical",
        "case_count": 0,
        "summary": "Weeks after winning power, Poland's Law and Justice (PiS) party passed a law letting the treasury minister directly appoint and dismiss the heads of public radio and television, and dozens of journalists at the public broadcaster were subsequently dismissed or resigned.",
        "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2015-poland-public-media-law-firings"
      }
    ]
  },
  "downloads": {
    "csv": "https://thewaronnews.com/countries/pl?format=csv",
    "json": "https://thewaronnews.com/countries/pl.json",
    "md": "https://thewaronnews.com/countries/pl.md"
  },
  "license": {
    "name": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
  }
}