# The 1990s

Government actions against journalists, 1990 to 1999

4 recorded incidents dated 1990 to 1999, by continent and region.

## Africa

| Date | Incident | Country | Tactic | Head of government | Outcome |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| July 1995 | [Nigeria's military government convicts journalists by special tribunal over coup-plot reporting](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1995-nigeria-abacha-journalists-tribunal) | [Nigeria](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/ng) ([RSF 2026 rank: 112th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Detention and violence](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/detention_and_violence) | [Sani Abacha](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/sani-abacha) | Reversed (June 15, 1998) |

## Asia

| Date | Incident | Country | Tactic | Head of government | Outcome |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| September 20, 1998 | [Malaysia pressures domestic media and monitors foreign correspondents after arresting former deputy premier Anwar Ibrahim](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1998-malaysia-anwar-arrest-press-restrictions) | [Malaysia](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/my) ([RSF 2026 rank: 95th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Surveillance and subpoenas](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/surveillance_and_subpoenas) | [Mahathir Mohamad](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/mahathir-mohamad) | Unknown |

## Europe

| Date | Incident | Country | Tactic | Head of government | Outcome |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| October 20, 1998 | [Serbia's Public Information Act lets courts fine independent newspapers into financial danger](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1998-serbia-public-information-act-fines) | [Serbia](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/rs) ([RSF 2026 rank: 104th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Insult and defamation laws](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/insult_and_defamation_laws) | [Slobodan Milosevic](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/slobodan-milosevic) | Reversed (January 1, 2001) |

## North America

| Date | Incident | Country | Tactic | Head of government | Outcome |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| January 17, 1991 | [United States military restricts reporters to escorted press pools during the Gulf War](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1991-gulf-war-us-military-press-pools) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Access bans](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/access_ban) | [George H. W. Bush](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/george-hw-bush) | Sustained (February 28, 1991) |

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