{
  "title": "Incidents: detention and violence in Africa, outcome ongoing",
  "canonical_url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents?continent=africa&tactic=detention_and_violence&outcome=ongoing",
  "filters": {
    "continent": "africa",
    "tactic": "detention_and_violence",
    "outcome": "ongoing"
  },
  "sort": "date",
  "count": 2,
  "page": 1,
  "pages": 1,
  "per_page": 50,
  "counts_caveat": "The number of entries reflects the depth of this record, not the severity of a country's conduct.",
  "facets": {
    "country": [
      {
        "value": "ER",
        "label": "Eritrea",
        "rsf": null
      },
      {
        "value": "ET",
        "label": "Ethiopia",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 148,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 148th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      }
    ],
    "continent": [
      {
        "value": "africa",
        "label": "Africa"
      }
    ],
    "tactic": [
      {
        "value": "detention_and_violence",
        "label": "Detention and violence",
        "count": 2
      },
      {
        "value": "outlet_licensing",
        "label": "Licensing and closure of outlets",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "stage": [
      {
        "value": "punish",
        "label": "Punish",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "eliminate",
        "label": "Eliminate",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "level": [
      {
        "value": "national",
        "label": "National",
        "count": 2
      }
    ],
    "outcome": [
      {
        "value": "ongoing",
        "label": "Ongoing",
        "count": 2
      }
    ],
    "leader": [
      {
        "value": "abiy-ahmed",
        "label": "Abiy Ahmed"
      },
      {
        "value": "isaias-afwerki",
        "label": "Isaias Afwerki"
      }
    ],
    "era": [
      {
        "value": "2020s",
        "label": "2020s",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "2000s",
        "label": "2000s",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "year": [
      {
        "value": "2001",
        "label": "2001",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "2025",
        "label": "2025",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "has_case": [
      {
        "value": "0",
        "label": "without a court case",
        "count": 2
      }
    ]
  },
  "results": [
    {
      "slug": "2025-ethiopia-arrests-journalists-sheger-fm",
      "title": "Ethiopia arrests at least six journalists including Sheger FM staff over election-year coverage",
      "occurred_on": "2025-09-03",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "ET",
      "country_name": "Ethiopia",
      "continent": "africa",
      "jurisdiction": "ET",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "detention_and_violence",
      "tactics": [
        "detention_and_violence",
        "outlet_licensing"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "abiy-ahmed",
      "leader_name": "Abiy Ahmed",
      "issue_of_the_day": "The arrests came ahead of Ethiopia's national elections scheduled for 2026, after the Ethiopian Media Authority ordered Sheger FM to remove an August 29, 2025 broadcast it said was one-sided and incited violence.",
      "outcome": "ongoing",
      "outcome_on": "2025-09-22",
      "outcome_note": "Some journalists were granted bail while an appeal proceeded; the media authority's order against Sheger FM remained in force.",
      "stage": "punish",
      "ladder_note": null,
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 148,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 148th of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "2020s",
      "granularity": "granular",
      "status": "in_effect",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "Ethiopian authorities arrested at least six journalists between August and September 2025, including three from Sheger FM after the Ethiopian Media Authority ordered the station to delete a broadcast it accused of bias and inciting violence, ahead of national elections scheduled for 2026.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2025-ethiopia-arrests-journalists-sheger-fm"
    },
    {
      "slug": "2001-eritrea-jails-journalists-indefinitely",
      "title": "Eritrea: independent press closed and journalists jailed without trial",
      "occurred_on": "2001-09-18",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "ER",
      "country_name": "Eritrea",
      "continent": "africa",
      "jurisdiction": "ER",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "detention_and_violence",
      "tactics": [
        "detention_and_violence"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "isaias-afwerki",
      "leader_name": "Isaias Afwerki",
      "issue_of_the_day": "Not stated in the sources reviewed.",
      "outcome": "ongoing",
      "outcome_on": null,
      "outcome_note": "As of the 2010 source reviewed, none of the journalists detained in 2001 had been charged, tried or publicly accounted for.",
      "stage": "eliminate",
      "ladder_note": "Eritrea jailed at least nineteen journalists without charge, trial or public acknowledgment of their fate after suspending its constitution, and has not accounted for several of them in over two decades; no United States detention in the record has approached that duration.",
      "rsf": null,
      "era": "2000s",
      "granularity": "granular",
      "status": "in_effect",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "Eritrea's government closed every private newspaper and jailed at least nineteen journalists, including Dawit Isaac of the paper Setit, without charge or trial in September 2001, after suspending the constitution. Several have never been publicly accounted for since.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2001-eritrea-jails-journalists-indefinitely"
    }
  ],
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    "md": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents.md?continent=africa&tactic=detention_and_violence&outcome=ongoing"
  },
  "license": {
    "name": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
  }
}