{
  "title": "Incidents in Europe, national level, head of government Alexander Lukashenko",
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    "leader": "alexander-lukashenko"
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  "count": 2,
  "page": 1,
  "pages": 1,
  "per_page": 50,
  "counts_caveat": "The number of entries reflects the depth of this record, not the severity of a country's conduct.",
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    "country": [
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        "value": "BY",
        "label": "Belarus",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 165,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 165th of 180",
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    "continent": [
      {
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        "label": "Europe"
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    "tactic": [
      {
        "value": "detention_and_violence",
        "label": "Detention and violence",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "shutdowns_and_blocking",
        "label": "Shutdowns and blocking",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "access_ban",
        "label": "Access bans",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "stage": [
      {
        "value": "punish",
        "label": "Punish",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
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        "label": "Silence",
        "count": 1
      }
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    "level": [
      {
        "value": "national",
        "label": "National",
        "count": 2
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    "outcome": [
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    "leader": [
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        "label": "Alexander Lukashenko"
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      {
        "value": "2020",
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        "count": 1
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      {
        "value": "2021",
        "label": "2021",
        "count": 1
      }
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    "has_case": [
      {
        "value": "0",
        "label": "without a court case",
        "count": 2
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  "results": [
    {
      "slug": "2021-belarus-blocks-tutby-arrests-staff",
      "title": "Belarus blocks Tut.by and arrests its editors as 'extremist'",
      "occurred_on": "2021-05-18",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "BY",
      "country_name": "Belarus",
      "continent": "europe",
      "jurisdiction": "BY",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "shutdowns_and_blocking",
      "tactics": [
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        "shutdowns_and_blocking"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "alexander-lukashenko",
      "leader_name": "Alexander Lukashenko",
      "issue_of_the_day": "Tut.by had continued reporting on the government's response to protests following the disputed August 2020 presidential election that kept Alexander Lukashenko in power; authorities revoked the outlet's official media registration in January 2021.",
      "outcome": "sustained",
      "outcome_on": null,
      "outcome_note": "Tut.by remained blocked and its former staff continued reporting from exile as Zerkalo; the criminal proceedings against staff continued.",
      "stage": "silence",
      "ladder_note": null,
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 165,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 165th of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "2020s",
      "granularity": "granular",
      "status": "in_effect",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "Belarusian authorities blocked access to Tut.by, the country's most-read independent news site, searched its offices in three cities and arrested at least eleven staff, including its editor-in-chief, citing alleged media-law violations after the site had already lost its official media status.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2021-belarus-blocks-tutby-arrests-staff"
    },
    {
      "slug": "2020-belarus-strips-accreditation-foreign-outlets",
      "title": "Belarus: accreditation withdrawn from 17 journalists working for foreign outlets",
      "occurred_on": "2020-08-29",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "BY",
      "country_name": "Belarus",
      "continent": "europe",
      "jurisdiction": "BY",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "access_ban",
      "tactics": [
        "access_ban"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "alexander-lukashenko",
      "leader_name": "Alexander Lukashenko",
      "issue_of_the_day": "The journalists had been covering protests that followed Belarus's August 9, 2020, presidential election, which the opposition and Western governments said was falsified in favor of Alexander Lukashenko.",
      "outcome": "sustained",
      "outcome_on": "2020-08-29",
      "outcome_note": "The accreditation of at least 17 journalists was withdrawn and some were deported the same day, with no reversal reported in the source reviewed.",
      "stage": "punish",
      "ladder_note": "At least 17 journalists working for named international outlets lost accreditation nationwide and some were deported, not confined to one building or pool.",
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 165,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 165th of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "2020s",
      "granularity": "granular",
      "status": "in_effect",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "Belarus's government revoked the accreditation of at least 17 journalists working for foreign outlets, including the BBC, Reuters, the Associated Press, Radio Liberty, AFP and Deutsche Welle, as they covered protests after a disputed presidential election.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2020-belarus-strips-accreditation-foreign-outlets"
    }
  ],
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  "license": {
    "name": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
  }
}