{
  "title": "Incidents: expulsion and visa denial in Europe, outcome sustained",
  "canonical_url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents?continent=europe&tactic=expulsion_and_visa_denial&outcome=sustained",
  "filters": {
    "continent": "europe",
    "tactic": "expulsion_and_visa_denial",
    "outcome": "sustained"
  },
  "sort": "date",
  "count": 1,
  "page": 1,
  "pages": 1,
  "per_page": 50,
  "counts_caveat": "The number of entries reflects the depth of this record, not the severity of a country's conduct.",
  "facets": {
    "country": [
      {
        "value": "RU",
        "label": "Russia",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 172,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 172nd of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      }
    ],
    "continent": [
      {
        "value": "europe",
        "label": "Europe"
      }
    ],
    "tactic": [
      {
        "value": "expulsion_and_visa_denial",
        "label": "Expulsion and visa denial",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "stage": [
      {
        "value": "punish",
        "label": "Punish",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "level": [
      {
        "value": "national",
        "label": "National",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "outcome": [
      {
        "value": "sustained",
        "label": "Sustained",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "leader": [
      {
        "value": "vladimir-putin",
        "label": "Vladimir Putin"
      }
    ],
    "era": [
      {
        "value": "2020s",
        "label": "2020s",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "year": [
      {
        "value": "2022",
        "label": "2022",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "has_case": [
      {
        "value": "0",
        "label": "without a court case",
        "count": 1
      }
    ]
  },
  "results": [
    {
      "slug": "2022-russia-expels-cbc-cancels-visas",
      "title": "Russia: CBC/Radio-Canada bureau closed and journalists' visas cancelled",
      "occurred_on": "2022-05-18",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "RU",
      "country_name": "Russia",
      "continent": "europe",
      "jurisdiction": "RU",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "expulsion_and_visa_denial",
      "tactics": [
        "expulsion_and_visa_denial"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "vladimir-putin",
      "leader_name": "Vladimir Putin",
      "issue_of_the_day": "Not stated in the sources reviewed.",
      "outcome": "sustained",
      "outcome_on": "2022-05-18",
      "outcome_note": "The bureau closure and visa cancellations were not reported as reversed in the sources reviewed.",
      "stage": "punish",
      "ladder_note": "Russia closed a foreign broadcaster's bureau and cancelled its journalists' visas and accreditation after Canada imposed sanctions; the September 2026 White House ban restricted building access but did not remove any outlet's staff from the country.",
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 172,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 172nd of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "2020s",
      "granularity": "granular",
      "status": "in_effect",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "Russian authorities ordered the Canadian broadcaster CBC/Radio-Canada's Moscow bureau closed and cancelled its journalists' visas and accreditation, part of a wave of expulsions and non-renewals of foreign correspondents after the invasion of Ukraine.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2022-russia-expels-cbc-cancels-visas"
    }
  ],
  "downloads": {
    "csv": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents?continent=europe&tactic=expulsion_and_visa_denial&outcome=sustained&format=csv",
    "json": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents.json?continent=europe&tactic=expulsion_and_visa_denial&outcome=sustained",
    "md": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents.md?continent=europe&tactic=expulsion_and_visa_denial&outcome=sustained"
  },
  "license": {
    "name": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
  }
}