{
  "title": "Incidents in North America, stage: punish, outcome unknown",
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    "continent": "north-america",
    "stage": "punish",
    "outcome": "unknown"
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  "sort": "date",
  "count": 4,
  "page": 1,
  "pages": 1,
  "per_page": 50,
  "counts_caveat": "The number of entries reflects the depth of this record, not the severity of a country's conduct.",
  "facets": {
    "country": [
      {
        "value": "MX",
        "label": "Mexico",
        "rsf": null
      },
      {
        "value": "US",
        "label": "United States",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 64,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      }
    ],
    "continent": [
      {
        "value": "north-america",
        "label": "North America"
      }
    ],
    "tactic": [
      {
        "value": "surveillance_and_subpoenas",
        "label": "Surveillance and subpoenas",
        "count": 3
      },
      {
        "value": "detention_and_violence",
        "label": "Detention and violence",
        "count": 2
      },
      {
        "value": "secrets_and_espionage_laws",
        "label": "Secrets and espionage laws",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
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        "label": "Punish",
        "count": 4
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    ],
    "level": [
      {
        "value": "national",
        "label": "National",
        "count": 3
      },
      {
        "value": "municipal",
        "label": "Municipal",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "outcome": [
      {
        "value": "unknown",
        "label": "Unknown",
        "count": 4
      }
    ],
    "leader": [
      {
        "value": "barack-obama",
        "label": "Barack Obama"
      },
      {
        "value": "enrique-pena-nieto",
        "label": "Enrique Pena Nieto"
      },
      {
        "value": "joe-biden",
        "label": "Joe Biden"
      },
      {
        "value": "karen-bass",
        "label": "Karen Bass"
      }
    ],
    "era": [
      {
        "value": "2020s",
        "label": "2020s",
        "count": 2
      },
      {
        "value": "2010s",
        "label": "2010s",
        "count": 2
      }
    ],
    "year": [
      {
        "value": "2013",
        "label": "2013",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "2017",
        "label": "2017",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "2021",
        "label": "2021",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "2025",
        "label": "2025",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "has_case": [
      {
        "value": "0",
        "label": "without a court case",
        "count": 4
      }
    ]
  },
  "results": [
    {
      "slug": "2025-australian-journalist-shot-rubber-bullet-los-angeles",
      "title": "Officer shoots Australian journalist with rubber bullet during Los Angeles immigration protests",
      "occurred_on": "2025-06-09",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "US",
      "country_name": "United States",
      "continent": "north-america",
      "jurisdiction": "US-CA",
      "level": "municipal",
      "tactic_primary": "detention_and_violence",
      "tactics": [
        "detention_and_violence"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "karen-bass",
      "leader_name": "Karen Bass",
      "issue_of_the_day": "The protests followed a series of federal immigration enforcement raids in the Los Angeles area in early June 2025, which drew large crowds and a heavy police and, later, National Guard presence downtown.",
      "outcome": "unknown",
      "outcome_on": null,
      "outcome_note": "No investigation or disciplinary outcome regarding the officer who fired at Tomasi was reported in the source reviewed.",
      "stage": "punish",
      "ladder_note": null,
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 64,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "2020s",
      "granularity": "granular",
      "status": "in_effect",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "A law enforcement officer shot Nine News Australia correspondent Lauren Tomasi with a rubber bullet while she was reporting live from a Los Angeles protest against federal immigration raids, prompting Australia's prime minister to call the incident unacceptable and raise it with the U.S. government.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2025-australian-journalist-shot-rubber-bullet-los-angeles"
    },
    {
      "slug": "2021-fbi-raids-project-veritas-founder-okeefe",
      "title": "FBI raids Project Veritas founder's home over Ashley Biden diary investigation",
      "occurred_on": "2021-11-06",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "US",
      "country_name": "United States",
      "continent": "north-america",
      "jurisdiction": "US-NY",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "surveillance_and_subpoenas",
      "tactics": [
        "detention_and_violence",
        "surveillance_and_subpoenas"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "joe-biden",
      "leader_name": "Joe Biden",
      "issue_of_the_day": "Project Veritas had obtained and reported on a diary purportedly belonging to Ashley Biden during the 2020 campaign; federal prosecutors were investigating how the diary had been obtained and transported across state lines.",
      "outcome": "unknown",
      "outcome_on": null,
      "outcome_note": "No charges were ever filed against O'Keefe; a court later allowed prosecutors to review the seized phones.",
      "stage": "punish",
      "ladder_note": null,
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 64,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "2020s",
      "granularity": "granular",
      "status": "in_effect",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "FBI agents raided Project Veritas founder James O'Keefe's New York home and seized his phones as part of an investigation into the alleged theft of a diary belonging to Ashley Biden, President Biden's daughter, which the group had reported on; O'Keefe was never charged.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2021-fbi-raids-project-veritas-founder-okeefe"
    },
    {
      "slug": "2017-mexico-aristegui-pegasus-spyware",
      "title": "Mexico: journalist Carmen Aristegui receives Pegasus spyware through phishing texts",
      "occurred_on": "2017-06-19",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "MX",
      "country_name": "Mexico",
      "continent": "north-america",
      "jurisdiction": "MX",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "surveillance_and_subpoenas",
      "tactics": [
        "surveillance_and_subpoenas"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "enrique-pena-nieto",
      "leader_name": "Enrique Pena Nieto",
      "issue_of_the_day": "Aristegui and Loret de Mola were among several Mexican investigative journalists, human rights defenders and anti-corruption figures sent the same spyware technique around the same period.",
      "outcome": "unknown",
      "outcome_on": "2017-06-20",
      "outcome_note": "The government denied responsibility and Citizen Lab's report found no conclusive evidence establishing who sent the spyware, according to the source reviewed.",
      "stage": "punish",
      "ladder_note": "Investigative journalists' phones were secretly infected with spyware through fabricated personal warnings, with government responsibility denied and never conclusively established.",
      "rsf": null,
      "era": "2010s",
      "granularity": "granular",
      "status": "in_effect",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "Citizen Lab, R3D and Article 19 documented Pegasus spyware sent to Mexican investigative journalists Carmen Aristegui and Carlos Loret de Mola through phishing text messages, which the Mexican government denied having sent.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2017-mexico-aristegui-pegasus-spyware"
    },
    {
      "slug": "2013-obama-doj-charges-eight-under-espionage-act",
      "title": "United States: Espionage Act prosecutions of sources for leaks to the press, 2009 to 2013",
      "occurred_on": "2013-10-10",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "US",
      "country_name": "United States",
      "continent": "north-america",
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "secrets_and_espionage_laws",
      "tactics": [
        "secrets_and_espionage_laws",
        "surveillance_and_subpoenas"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "barack-obama",
      "leader_name": "Barack Obama",
      "issue_of_the_day": null,
      "outcome": "unknown",
      "outcome_on": null,
      "outcome_note": "The record documents the prosecutions as a group; the outcome of each case is not recorded here.",
      "stage": "punish",
      "ladder_note": null,
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 64,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "2010s",
      "granularity": "anchor",
      "status": "in_effect",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "A report by the Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ), a non-profit organization in New York that documents cases of journalists imprisoned or killed worldwide, published on October 10, 2013, found that since 2009 the United States Department of Justice had brought felony charges against six government employees and two contractors, including Edward Snowden, accused of leaking classified information to the press. The charges were brought under the Espionage Act, a 1917 United States law against disclosing defence information, during the presidency of Barack Obama. The Project On Government Oversight, a United States non-profit that investigates the federal government, said the department under Obama and Attorney General Eric Holder \"has used it more than all prior administrations combined.\"",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2013-obama-doj-charges-eight-under-espionage-act"
    }
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    "name": "CC BY 4.0",
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}