{
  "title": "Incidents in Hungary, stage: silence, outcome sustained",
  "canonical_url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents?country=HU&stage=silence&outcome=sustained",
  "filters": {
    "country": "HU",
    "stage": "silence",
    "outcome": "sustained"
  },
  "sort": "date",
  "count": 1,
  "page": 1,
  "pages": 1,
  "per_page": 50,
  "counts_caveat": "The number of entries reflects the depth of this record, not the severity of a country's conduct.",
  "facets": {
    "country": [
      {
        "value": "HU",
        "label": "Hungary",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 74,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 74th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      }
    ],
    "continent": [
      {
        "value": "europe",
        "label": "Europe"
      }
    ],
    "tactic": [
      {
        "value": "funding_and_ownership_pressure",
        "label": "Funding and ownership pressure",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "stage": [
      {
        "value": "silence",
        "label": "Silence",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "level": [
      {
        "value": "national",
        "label": "National",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "outcome": [
      {
        "value": "sustained",
        "label": "Sustained",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "leader": [
      {
        "value": "viktor-orban",
        "label": "Viktor Orban"
      }
    ],
    "era": [
      {
        "value": "2010s",
        "label": "2010s",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "year": [
      {
        "value": "2018",
        "label": "2018",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "has_case": [
      {
        "value": "0",
        "label": "without a court case",
        "count": 1
      }
    ]
  },
  "results": [
    {
      "slug": "2018-hungary-kesma-media-merger",
      "title": "Hungary: formation of the KESMA pro-government media foundation",
      "occurred_on": "2018-11-29",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "HU",
      "country_name": "Hungary",
      "continent": "europe",
      "jurisdiction": "HU",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "funding_and_ownership_pressure",
      "tactics": [
        "funding_and_ownership_pressure"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "viktor-orban",
      "leader_name": "Viktor Orban",
      "issue_of_the_day": "Not stated in the sources reviewed.",
      "outcome": "sustained",
      "outcome_on": "2018-11-29",
      "outcome_note": "The merger was completed and the exemption was not reported as reversed in the sources reviewed.",
      "stage": "silence",
      "ladder_note": "Owners surrendered 476 outlets into one government-aligned foundation, exempted by decree from antitrust review; United States funding pressure has cut money and licenses but has not required owners to give up outlets.",
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 74,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 74th of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "2010s",
      "granularity": "granular",
      "status": "historical",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "Owners aligned with Hungary's governing party donated 476 outlets into one non-profit foundation, KESMA. The government exempted the merger from the antitrust review that would normally apply to a combination of that size.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2018-hungary-kesma-media-merger"
    }
  ],
  "downloads": {
    "csv": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents?country=HU&stage=silence&outcome=sustained&format=csv",
    "json": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents.json?country=HU&stage=silence&outcome=sustained",
    "md": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents.md?country=HU&stage=silence&outcome=sustained"
  },
  "license": {
    "name": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
  }
}