{
  "title": "Incidents in Japan",
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  "count": 1,
  "page": 1,
  "pages": 1,
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  "counts_caveat": "The number of entries reflects the depth of this record, not the severity of a country's conduct.",
  "facets": {
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      {
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        "label": "Japan",
        "rsf": null
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      {
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    "tactic": [
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        "label": "Prior restraint",
        "count": 1
      }
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      {
        "value": "silence",
        "label": "Silence",
        "count": 1
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    ],
    "level": [
      {
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        "label": "National",
        "count": 1
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        "value": "sustained",
        "label": "Sustained",
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    ],
    "leader": [
      {
        "value": "fumimaro-konoe",
        "label": "Fumimaro Konoe"
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    "era": [
      {
        "value": "1930s",
        "label": "1930s",
        "count": 1
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    "year": [
      {
        "value": "1937",
        "label": "1937",
        "count": 1
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    "has_case": [
      {
        "value": "0",
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        "count": 1
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    ]
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  "results": [
    {
      "slug": "1937-japan-newspaper-law-war-censorship",
      "title": "Japan: government requires clearance to publish war news under the Newspaper Law, 1937",
      "occurred_on": "1937-07-01",
      "occurred_on_precision": "month",
      "country": "JP",
      "country_name": "Japan",
      "continent": "asia",
      "jurisdiction": "JP",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "prior_restraint",
      "tactics": [
        "prior_restraint"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "fumimaro-konoe",
      "leader_name": "Fumimaro Konoe",
      "issue_of_the_day": "Japan's full scale war with China, which began with the Marco Polo Bridge Incident on July 7, 1937, produced the war coverage that the government sought to control.",
      "outcome": "sustained",
      "outcome_on": null,
      "outcome_note": "By the government's own assessment, most newspapers were already shaping their coverage to what officials wanted before formal rejection was needed.",
      "stage": "silence",
      "ladder_note": null,
      "rsf": null,
      "era": "1930s",
      "granularity": "anchor",
      "status": "historical",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "After Japan's war with China escalated into full scale conflict in July 1937, the government invoked Article 27 of the Newspaper Law to require government clearance before publishing war related news, while a Home Ministry directive to local officials banned the printing of what it called \"fallacies\" that could \"confuse the hearts of people and induce social unrest.\" By August 1937 the Army Ministry found that about eighty percent of submitted articles were approved, a result that reflected editors submitting only material they expected would pass.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1937-japan-newspaper-law-war-censorship"
    }
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  "license": {
    "name": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
  }
}