{
  "title": "Incidents: licensing and closure of outlets in Cambodia, outcome sustained",
  "canonical_url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents?country=KH&tactic=outlet_licensing&outcome=sustained",
  "filters": {
    "country": "KH",
    "tactic": "outlet_licensing",
    "outcome": "sustained"
  },
  "sort": "date",
  "count": 2,
  "page": 1,
  "pages": 1,
  "per_page": 50,
  "counts_caveat": "The number of entries reflects the depth of this record, not the severity of a country's conduct.",
  "facets": {
    "country": [
      {
        "value": "KH",
        "label": "Cambodia",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 151,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 151st of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      }
    ],
    "continent": [
      {
        "value": "asia",
        "label": "Asia"
      }
    ],
    "tactic": [
      {
        "value": "outlet_licensing",
        "label": "Licensing and closure of outlets",
        "count": 2
      },
      {
        "value": "funding_and_ownership_pressure",
        "label": "Funding and ownership pressure",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "stage": [
      {
        "value": "silence",
        "label": "Silence",
        "count": 2
      }
    ],
    "level": [
      {
        "value": "national",
        "label": "National",
        "count": 2
      }
    ],
    "outcome": [
      {
        "value": "sustained",
        "label": "Sustained",
        "count": 2
      }
    ],
    "leader": [
      {
        "value": "hun-sen",
        "label": "Hun Sen"
      }
    ],
    "era": [
      {
        "value": "2020s",
        "label": "2020s",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "2010s",
        "label": "2010s",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "year": [
      {
        "value": "2017",
        "label": "2017",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "2023",
        "label": "2023",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "has_case": [
      {
        "value": "0",
        "label": "without a court case",
        "count": 2
      }
    ]
  },
  "results": [
    {
      "slug": "2023-cambodia-shutters-voice-of-democracy",
      "title": "Cambodia: Prime Minister Hun Sen orders Voice of Democracy's license revoked over one article",
      "occurred_on": "2023-02-13",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "KH",
      "country_name": "Cambodia",
      "continent": "asia",
      "jurisdiction": "KH",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "outlet_licensing",
      "tactics": [
        "outlet_licensing"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "hun-sen",
      "leader_name": "Hun Sen",
      "issue_of_the_day": "The article, published February 8, 2023, reported that Hun Sen's son and eventual successor, Hun Manet, had overstepped his authority by signing a $100,000 earthquake aid agreement for Turkiye.",
      "outcome": "sustained",
      "outcome_on": "2023-02-13",
      "outcome_note": "The Ministry of Information revoked the license as Hun Sen ordered, with no reversal reported in the source reviewed.",
      "stage": "silence",
      "ladder_note": "The head of government personally ordered a national outlet's operating license revoked over one article, rejecting a published apology, rather than pursuing a defamation suit.",
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 151,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 151st of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "2020s",
      "granularity": "granular",
      "status": "in_effect",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "Prime Minister Hun Sen personally ordered the license of independent outlet Voice of Democracy revoked over an article about an earthquake-aid agreement signed by his son, rejecting the outlet's published apology.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2023-cambodia-shutters-voice-of-democracy"
    },
    {
      "slug": "2017-cambodia-daily-closed-tax-bill",
      "title": "Cambodia's government forces the closure of The Cambodia Daily with a disputed multimillion-dollar tax bill",
      "occurred_on": "2017-09-04",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "KH",
      "country_name": "Cambodia",
      "continent": "asia",
      "jurisdiction": "KH",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "outlet_licensing",
      "tactics": [
        "funding_and_ownership_pressure",
        "outlet_licensing"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "hun-sen",
      "leader_name": "Hun Sen",
      "issue_of_the_day": "Preparations for Cambodia's 2018 general election and a wider government campaign against independent media and civil-society groups seen as sympathetic to the opposition.",
      "outcome": "sustained",
      "outcome_on": "2017-09-04",
      "outcome_note": "The Cambodia Daily did not reopen; its closure coincided with a wider campaign against independent outlets and civil-society groups ahead of Cambodia's 2018 election.",
      "stage": "silence",
      "ladder_note": null,
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 151,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 151st of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "2010s",
      "granularity": "anchor",
      "status": "historical",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "Cambodia's tax authority presented the independent, English-language Cambodia Daily with a $6.3 million bill the paper called arbitrary and undocumented, forcing the 24-year-old newspaper to close rather than pay, amid a wider campaign against independent media before 2018 elections.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2017-cambodia-daily-closed-tax-bill"
    }
  ],
  "downloads": {
    "csv": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents?country=KH&tactic=outlet_licensing&outcome=sustained&format=csv",
    "json": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents.json?country=KH&tactic=outlet_licensing&outcome=sustained",
    "md": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents.md?country=KH&tactic=outlet_licensing&outcome=sustained"
  },
  "license": {
    "name": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
  }
}