{
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  "counts_caveat": "The number of entries reflects the depth of this record, not the severity of a country's conduct.",
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        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
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          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 95th of 180",
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    {
      "slug": "1998-malaysia-anwar-arrest-press-restrictions",
      "title": "Malaysia pressures domestic media and monitors foreign correspondents after arresting former deputy premier Anwar Ibrahim",
      "occurred_on": "1998-09-20",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "MY",
      "country_name": "Malaysia",
      "continent": "asia",
      "jurisdiction": "MY",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "surveillance_and_subpoenas",
      "tactics": [
        "funding_and_ownership_pressure",
        "surveillance_and_subpoenas"
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      "leader_slug": "mahathir-mohamad",
      "leader_name": "Mahathir Mohamad",
      "issue_of_the_day": "The September 1998 dismissal, arrest and prosecution of former deputy prime minister Anwar Ibrahim on corruption and sodomy charges.",
      "outcome": "unknown",
      "outcome_on": null,
      "outcome_note": "The sources reviewed do not describe a formal reversal of the surveillance of journalists or the pressure on party-linked papers during this period.",
      "stage": "pressure",
      "ladder_note": null,
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 95,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 95th of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "1990s",
      "granularity": "anchor",
      "status": "historical",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "After Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad's government arrested former deputy prime minister Anwar Ibrahim in September 1998, party-linked newspapers pressured staff to follow the official line, police visited journalists who interviewed his wife, and authorities said they would monitor internet traffic about the case.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1998-malaysia-anwar-arrest-press-restrictions"
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  "license": {
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    "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
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