{
  "title": "Incidents: detention and violence in Poland, head of government Wojciech Jaruzelski",
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  "counts_caveat": "The number of entries reflects the depth of this record, not the severity of a country's conduct.",
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    "country": [
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        "value": "PL",
        "label": "Poland",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 27,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 27th of 180",
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        "value": "wojciech-jaruzelski",
        "label": "Wojciech Jaruzelski"
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        "value": "1980s",
        "label": "1980s",
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    "year": [
      {
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        "label": "1981",
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    {
      "slug": "1981-poland-martial-law-press-suspended",
      "title": "Poland's martial law government shuts nearly all newspapers and interns journalists overnight",
      "occurred_on": "1981-12-13",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "PL",
      "country_name": "Poland",
      "continent": "europe",
      "jurisdiction": "PL",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "shutdowns_and_blocking",
      "tactics": [
        "detention_and_violence",
        "shutdowns_and_blocking"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "wojciech-jaruzelski",
      "leader_name": "Wojciech Jaruzelski",
      "issue_of_the_day": "Poland's Solidarity trade union movement had grown into a mass challenge to Communist Party rule through 1980 and 1981, and Jaruzelski's government imposed martial law to suppress the movement and the independent press associated with it.",
      "outcome": "reversed",
      "outcome_on": "1983-07-22",
      "outcome_note": "Martial law was formally lifted on July 22, 1983, though reduced press controls in Poland continued until the fall of Communist rule in 1989.",
      "stage": "silence",
      "ladder_note": null,
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 27,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 27th of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "1980s",
      "granularity": "anchor",
      "status": "historical",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "On December 13, 1981, General Wojciech Jaruzelski declared martial law in Poland, cutting phone and telex lines, suspending nearly all newspapers, and interning thousands of people, most Solidarity trade union journalists among them, within days.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1981-poland-martial-law-press-suspended"
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  "license": {
    "name": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
  }
}