{
  "title": "Incidents in Portugal, national level, outcome reversed",
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    "level": "national",
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  "count": 1,
  "page": 1,
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  "per_page": 50,
  "counts_caveat": "The number of entries reflects the depth of this record, not the severity of a country's conduct.",
  "facets": {
    "country": [
      {
        "value": "PT",
        "label": "Portugal",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 10,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 10th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
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    "tactic": [
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        "label": "Prior restraint",
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      {
        "value": "silence",
        "label": "Silence",
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        "count": 1
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    "leader": [
      {
        "value": "antonio-salazar",
        "label": "António de Oliveira Salazar"
      }
    ],
    "era": [
      {
        "value": "1930s",
        "label": "1930s",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "year": [
      {
        "value": "1933",
        "label": "1933",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
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      {
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        "label": "without a court case",
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  "results": [
    {
      "slug": "1933-portugal-salazar-formal-censorship",
      "title": "Portugal's Salazar government formally establishes press controls under a new constitution",
      "occurred_on": "1933-01-01",
      "occurred_on_precision": "year",
      "country": "PT",
      "country_name": "Portugal",
      "continent": "europe",
      "jurisdiction": "PT",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "prior_restraint",
      "tactics": [
        "prior_restraint"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "antonio-salazar",
      "leader_name": "António de Oliveira Salazar",
      "issue_of_the_day": "Salazar's government was consolidating the Estado Novo behind a new 1933 constitution, and used the moment to formalize a system of press controls it had for years denied operating.",
      "outcome": "reversed",
      "outcome_on": "1974-04-25",
      "outcome_note": "Portugal's press controls apparatus ended with the Carnation Revolution of April 25, 1974, which overthrew the Estado Novo.",
      "stage": "silence",
      "ladder_note": null,
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 10,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 10th of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "1930s",
      "granularity": "anchor",
      "status": "historical",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "Portugal's government, led by Prime Minister António de Oliveira Salazar, had restricted the press since a 1926 military coup while officially denying it did so. In 1933, alongside a new constitution promising freedom of expression, the government openly established formal press controls for the first time.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1933-portugal-salazar-formal-censorship"
    }
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  "license": {
    "name": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
  }
}