{
  "title": "Incidents, national level, head of government Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, outcome ongoing",
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          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 169th of 180",
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      "slug": "2018-egypt-scmr-license-requirement-al-manassa",
      "title": "Egypt: a license requirement leaves an independent news site unable to operate legally for years",
      "occurred_on": "2018-10-01",
      "occurred_on_precision": "month",
      "country": "EG",
      "country_name": "Egypt",
      "continent": "africa",
      "jurisdiction": "EG",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "prior_restraint",
      "tactics": [
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      "leader_slug": "abdel-fattah-el-sisi",
      "leader_name": "Abdel Fattah el-Sisi",
      "issue_of_the_day": "The licensing requirement operated alongside a 2018 cybercrime law that made it a crime to use certain software tools without the council's permission, according to Al-Manassa's editor.",
      "outcome": "ongoing",
      "outcome_on": "2020-10-26",
      "outcome_note": "Al-Manassa's editor said the outlet's 2018 license application had received no response as of the October 2020 interview.",
      "stage": "pressure",
      "ladder_note": "A national council required a license before a news site could operate at all and left the application unanswered for years rather than approving, denying or fining it.",
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        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 169,
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        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
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      "era": "2010s",
      "granularity": "granular",
      "status": "in_effect",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "Egypt's Supreme Council for Media Regulation required news websites to obtain a government license to operate, and independent outlet Al-Manassa's application, filed in 2018, went unanswered for more than two years.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2018-egypt-scmr-license-requirement-al-manassa"
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