{
  "title": "Incidents: licensing and closure of outlets, head of government Gamal Abdel Nasser",
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  "count": 1,
  "page": 1,
  "pages": 1,
  "per_page": 50,
  "counts_caveat": "The number of entries reflects the depth of this record, not the severity of a country's conduct.",
  "facets": {
    "country": [
      {
        "value": "EG",
        "label": "Egypt",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 169,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 169th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      }
    ],
    "continent": [
      {
        "value": "africa",
        "label": "Africa"
      }
    ],
    "tactic": [
      {
        "value": "funding_and_ownership_pressure",
        "label": "Funding and ownership pressure",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "outlet_licensing",
        "label": "Licensing and closure of outlets",
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      {
        "value": "silence",
        "label": "Silence",
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    "level": [
      {
        "value": "national",
        "label": "National",
        "count": 1
      }
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    "outcome": [
      {
        "value": "ongoing",
        "label": "Ongoing",
        "count": 1
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    ],
    "leader": [
      {
        "value": "gamal-abdel-nasser",
        "label": "Gamal Abdel Nasser"
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    ],
    "era": [
      {
        "value": "1960s",
        "label": "1960s",
        "count": 1
      }
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    "year": [
      {
        "value": "1960",
        "label": "1960",
        "count": 1
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      {
        "value": "0",
        "label": "without a court case",
        "count": 1
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  "results": [
    {
      "slug": "1960-egypt-nasser-nationalizes-press",
      "title": "Egypt's Nasser government nationalizes every newspaper and magazine in the country",
      "occurred_on": "1960-05-24",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "EG",
      "country_name": "Egypt",
      "continent": "africa",
      "jurisdiction": "EG",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "funding_and_ownership_pressure",
      "tactics": [
        "funding_and_ownership_pressure",
        "outlet_licensing"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "gamal-abdel-nasser",
      "leader_name": "Gamal Abdel Nasser",
      "issue_of_the_day": "Nasser's government was consolidating state control over Egypt's economy and institutions in the years following the 1952 revolution, and extended that control to the press as an instrument of its nationalist program.",
      "outcome": "ongoing",
      "outcome_on": "1989-01-01",
      "outcome_note": "State ownership structures created by the 1960 decree, including the government-appointed leadership of major papers such as Al-Ahram, remained in place through the 1980s.",
      "stage": "silence",
      "ladder_note": null,
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 169,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 169th of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "1960s",
      "granularity": "anchor",
      "status": "historical",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "President Gamal Abdel Nasser's government issued a decree on May 24, 1960 placing every newspaper and magazine in Egypt under state ownership and management, with the government appointing editors and deciding content, ending private control of the country's press.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1960-egypt-nasser-nationalizes-press"
    }
  ],
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  "license": {
    "name": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
  }
}