{
  "title": "Incidents: shutdowns and blocking, stage: punish",
  "canonical_url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents?tactic=shutdowns_and_blocking&stage=punish",
  "filters": {
    "tactic": "shutdowns_and_blocking",
    "stage": "punish"
  },
  "sort": "date",
  "count": 3,
  "page": 1,
  "pages": 1,
  "per_page": 50,
  "counts_caveat": "The number of entries reflects the depth of this record, not the severity of a country's conduct.",
  "facets": {
    "country": [
      {
        "value": "IR",
        "label": "Iran",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 177,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 177th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "RU",
        "label": "Russia",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 172,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 172nd of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "VE",
        "label": "Venezuela",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 159,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 159th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      }
    ],
    "continent": [
      {
        "value": "asia",
        "label": "Asia"
      },
      {
        "value": "europe",
        "label": "Europe"
      },
      {
        "value": "south-america",
        "label": "South America"
      }
    ],
    "tactic": [
      {
        "value": "shutdowns_and_blocking",
        "label": "Shutdowns and blocking",
        "count": 3
      },
      {
        "value": "expulsion_and_visa_denial",
        "label": "Expulsion and visa denial",
        "count": 2
      },
      {
        "value": "detention_and_violence",
        "label": "Detention and violence",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "insult_and_defamation_laws",
        "label": "Insult and defamation laws",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "stage": [
      {
        "value": "punish",
        "label": "Punish",
        "count": 3
      }
    ],
    "level": [
      {
        "value": "national",
        "label": "National",
        "count": 3
      }
    ],
    "outcome": [
      {
        "value": "sustained",
        "label": "Sustained",
        "count": 2
      },
      {
        "value": "unknown",
        "label": "Unknown",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "leader": [
      {
        "value": "mahmoud-ahmadinejad",
        "label": "Mahmoud Ahmadinejad"
      },
      {
        "value": "nicolas-maduro",
        "label": "Nicolas Maduro"
      },
      {
        "value": "vladimir-putin",
        "label": "Vladimir Putin"
      }
    ],
    "era": [
      {
        "value": "2020s",
        "label": "2020s",
        "count": 2
      },
      {
        "value": "2000s",
        "label": "2000s",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "year": [
      {
        "value": "2009",
        "label": "2009",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "2022",
        "label": "2022",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "2024",
        "label": "2024",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "has_case": [
      {
        "value": "0",
        "label": "without a court case",
        "count": 3
      }
    ]
  },
  "results": [
    {
      "slug": "2024-venezuela-post-election-press-crackdown",
      "title": "Venezuela detains, expels and restricts journalists after disputed 2024 election",
      "occurred_on": "2024-07-28",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "VE",
      "country_name": "Venezuela",
      "continent": "south-america",
      "jurisdiction": "VE",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "detention_and_violence",
      "tactics": [
        "detention_and_violence",
        "expulsion_and_visa_denial",
        "shutdowns_and_blocking"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "nicolas-maduro",
      "leader_name": "Nicolas Maduro",
      "issue_of_the_day": "Venezuela's July 28, 2024 election, in which the National Electoral Council declared Maduro the winner without releasing detailed vote tallies opposition figures disputed, triggered protests and a surge of restrictions on the journalists covering them.",
      "outcome": "sustained",
      "outcome_on": null,
      "outcome_note": "Detained journalists faced continuing prosecution, and social-platform restrictions remained in place after the documented period.",
      "stage": "punish",
      "ladder_note": null,
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 159,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 159th of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "2020s",
      "granularity": "granular",
      "status": "in_effect",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "In the two weeks after Venezuela's disputed July 28, 2024 presidential election, Reporters Without Borders documented 70 press-freedom violations, including nine detentions, nine expulsions of foreign correspondents and the suspension of the social media platform X, as President Nicolas Maduro's government moved to control coverage of the disputed result.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2024-venezuela-post-election-press-crackdown"
    },
    {
      "slug": "2022-russia-criminalizes-fake-war-reports",
      "title": "Russia criminalizes 'fake' reporting on the military, up to 15 years in prison",
      "occurred_on": "2022-03-04",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "RU",
      "country_name": "Russia",
      "continent": "europe",
      "jurisdiction": "RU",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "insult_and_defamation_laws",
      "tactics": [
        "insult_and_defamation_laws",
        "shutdowns_and_blocking"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "vladimir-putin",
      "leader_name": "Vladimir Putin",
      "issue_of_the_day": "The law followed Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022, and was aimed at reporting on the war that differed from the Russian defense ministry's official statements about casualties and military conduct.",
      "outcome": "sustained",
      "outcome_on": null,
      "outcome_note": "The law remained in force; independent outlets that avoided closure continued operating from outside Russia.",
      "stage": "punish",
      "ladder_note": null,
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 172,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 172nd of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "2020s",
      "granularity": "granular",
      "status": "in_effect",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "Russia's parliament passed a law criminalizing the publication of information about the military that contradicts official statements, with penalties up to 15 years in prison, prompting Novaya Gazeta to pull its Ukraine war coverage and the BBC, CNN and other outlets to suspend operations inside Russia.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2022-russia-criminalizes-fake-war-reports"
    },
    {
      "slug": "2009-iran-post-election-foreign-press-restrictions",
      "title": "Iran expels a BBC correspondent and restricts foreign journalists after a disputed 2009 election",
      "occurred_on": "2009-06-21",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "IR",
      "country_name": "Iran",
      "continent": "asia",
      "jurisdiction": "IR",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "expulsion_and_visa_denial",
      "tactics": [
        "expulsion_and_visa_denial",
        "shutdowns_and_blocking"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "mahmoud-ahmadinejad",
      "leader_name": "Mahmoud Ahmadinejad",
      "issue_of_the_day": "Iran's disputed June 12, 2009 presidential election and the mass protests that followed allegations the vote was rigged for incumbent Mahmoud Ahmadinejad.",
      "outcome": "unknown",
      "outcome_on": null,
      "outcome_note": "The sources reviewed do not establish when Iran lifted the specific 2009 restrictions on foreign correspondents covering the post-election protests.",
      "stage": "punish",
      "ladder_note": null,
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 177,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 177th of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "2000s",
      "granularity": "anchor",
      "status": "historical",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "After Iran's disputed June 2009 presidential election produced mass protests, the government expelled BBC correspondent Jon Leyne, revoked foreign press credentials, confined most foreign journalists to office-based reporting, and blocked access to numerous websites.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2009-iran-post-election-foreign-press-restrictions"
    }
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  "license": {
    "name": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
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}