# Incidents in the United States Each incident is a dated action by a government, an official, a regulator, a court or a legislature that limited journalists' ability to gather or publish news. The number of entries reflects the depth of this record, not the severity of a country's conduct. Filters: country, continent, tactic, stage, from, to, level, actor, leader, outlet, outcome, source_kind, has_case, plus q, sort (date, date_asc, country, tactic, relevance), per_page (up to 100), page and view (table or cards), as query parameters. 73 incidents match this view. Showing 23 on page 2 of 2. | Date | Incident | Country | Tactic | Head of government | Outcome | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 25 October 1983 | [United States military bars journalists from the invasion of Grenada](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1983-us-grenada-press-exclusion) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Access bans](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/access_ban) | [Ronald Reagan](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/ronald-reagan) | Reversed (1 April 1985) | | 27 October 1975 | [United States judge bars the press from reporting a murder suspect's confession before trial](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1975-us-nebraska-press-v-stuart-restrictive-order) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Prior restraint](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/prior_restraint) | [J. James Exon](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/j-james-exon) | Reversed (30 June 1976) | | 9 September 1971 | [United States: Nixon White House "enemies list" naming journalists, September 1971](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1971-nixon-white-house-compiles-enemies-list) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Surveillance and subpoenas](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/surveillance_and_subpoenas) | [Richard Nixon](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/richard-nixon) | Unknown | | 16 August 1971 | [Nixon White House compiles an enemies list naming journalists for official pressure](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1971-us-nixon-enemies-list) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Surveillance and subpoenas](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/surveillance_and_subpoenas) | [Richard Nixon](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/richard-nixon) | Reversed (27 June 1973) | | 15 June 1971 | [United States government seeks an injunction to stop The New York Times publishing the Pentagon Papers](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1971-us-pentagon-papers-injunction) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Prior restraint](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/prior_restraint) | [Richard Nixon](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/richard-nixon) | Reversed (30 June 1971) | | 12 April 1971 | [United States police search a student newspaper's offices for photographs of a protest](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1971-us-zurcher-stanford-daily-newsroom-search) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Surveillance and subpoenas](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/surveillance_and_subpoenas) | [Ronald Reagan](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/ronald-reagan) | Upheld by a court (31 May 1978) | | 1969 | [United States Supreme Court rules reporters have no privilege to refuse grand jury subpoenas](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1972-us-branzburg-v-hayes-reporters-privilege) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Surveillance and subpoenas](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/surveillance_and_subpoenas) | [Richard Nixon](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/richard-nixon) | Upheld by a court (29 June 1972) | | 24 September 1962 | [United States: Texas judge allows televised pretrial hearing in the Billie Sol Estes case; Supreme Court later limits cameras in criminal courtrooms](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1962-us-estes-v-texas-camera-ban) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Access bans](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/access_ban) | [Price Daniel](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/price-daniel) | Reversed (7 June 1965) | | 1960 | [United States: Montgomery, Alabama commissioner sues The New York Times for libel over a civil rights advertisement](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1960-us-montgomery-commissioner-sues-new-york-times-for-libel) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Lawsuits against the press](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/lawsuits_against_press) | [John Patterson](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/john-patterson) | Reversed (9 March 1964) | | November 1955 | [United States Senate panel subpoenas dozens of New York Times journalists over Communist ties](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1955-us-eastland-subcommittee-subpoenas-new-york-times) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Surveillance and subpoenas](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/surveillance_and_subpoenas) | [Dwight D. Eisenhower](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/dwight-d-eisenhower) | Sustained (1 December 1956) | | 19 September 1955 | [United States: Tallahatchie County, Mississippi sheriff segregates Black reporters at the Emmett Till murder trial, September 1955](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1955-us-mississippi-till-trial-press-segregation) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Access bans](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/access_ban) | [Hugh L. White](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/hugh-l-white) | Sustained | | 1953 | [United States: Senator Joseph McCarthy's subcommittee questions New York Post editor James Wechsler, 1953](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1953-us-wechsler-mccarthy-subpoena) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Surveillance and subpoenas](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/surveillance_and_subpoenas) | [Dwight D. Eisenhower](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/dwight-d-eisenhower) | Unknown | | August 1942 | [United States: Justice Department investigates the Chicago Tribune under the Espionage Act over Battle of Midway coverage](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1942-us-chicago-tribune-midway-espionage-act) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Secrets and espionage laws](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/secrets_and_espionage_laws) | [Franklin D. Roosevelt](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/franklin-d-roosevelt) | Reversed (1 August 1942) | | 19 December 1941 | [United States creates an Office of Censorship and a wartime code for the press](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1941-us-office-of-censorship-wartime-press-code) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Prior restraint](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/prior_restraint) | [Franklin D. Roosevelt](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/franklin-d-roosevelt) | Sustained (28 September 1945) | | 28 March 1938 | [United States: Supreme Court strikes down a Georgia city's permit requirement for distributing literature, 1938](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1938-us-lovell-v-griffin-permit-requirement) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Prior restraint](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/prior_restraint) | [Eurith D. Rivers](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/eurith-d-rivers) | Reversed (28 March 1938) | | 12 July 1934 | [United States: Louisiana taxes large newspapers' advertising revenue; the tax is struck down in Grosjean v. American Press Co.](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1934-us-louisiana-newspaper-tax-grosjean) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Funding and ownership pressure](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/funding_and_ownership_pressure) | [Oscar K. Allen](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/oscar-k-allen) | Reversed (10 February 1936) | | 1927 | [Minnesota closes The Saturday Press in 1927; the Supreme Court strikes down the law in 1931](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1931-us-near-v-minnesota-gag-law) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Prior restraint](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/prior_restraint) | [Theodore Christianson](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/theodore-christianson) | Reversed (1 June 1931) | | 8 June 1925 | [United States: Supreme Court upholds Benjamin Gitlow's conviction under New York's Criminal Anarchy Law, 1925](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1925-us-supreme-court-upholds-gitlow-anarchy-conviction) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Secrets and espionage laws](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/secrets_and_espionage_laws) | [Alfred E. Smith](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/al-smith) | Upheld by a court (8 June 1925) | | 26 June 1918 | [United States convicts newspaper editor Jacob Frohwerk under the Espionage Act, June 1918](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1918-us-espionage-act-conviction-of-editor-frohwerk) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Secrets and espionage laws](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/secrets_and_espionage_laws) | [Woodrow Wilson](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/woodrow-wilson) | Upheld by a court (10 March 1919) | | July 1917 | [United States postmaster bars the magazine The Masses from the mail under the Espionage Act](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1917-us-espionage-act-bars-the-masses-from-the-mail) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Secrets and espionage laws](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/secrets_and_espionage_laws) | [Woodrow Wilson](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/woodrow-wilson) | Upheld by a court (1 November 1917) | | 1917 | [United States convicts Mother Earth editor Emma Goldman of draft conspiracy and bars her magazine from the mail](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1917-us-mother-earth-editor-emma-goldman-convicted-magazine-barred-from-mail) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Detention and violence](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/detention_and_violence) | [Woodrow Wilson](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/woodrow-wilson) | Upheld by a court (14 January 1918) | | 1917 | [United States Postmaster General Burleson strips the Milwaukee Leader of its mailing rate](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1917-us-burleson-mail-ban-milwaukee-leader) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Shutdowns and blocking](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/shutdowns_and_blocking) | [Woodrow Wilson](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/woodrow-wilson) | Upheld by a court (7 March 1921) | | 4 March 1909 | [United States: President Theodore Roosevelt seeks criminal libel indictments against the New York World and the Indianapolis News over Panama Canal reporting](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1909-us-panama-canal-libel-prosecutions) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Insult and defamation laws](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/insult_and_defamation_laws) | [Theodore Roosevelt](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/theodore-roosevelt) | Reversed (3 January 1911) | Page 2 of 2. 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