# Incidents in North America, stage: punish, outcome upheld by a court

Each incident is a dated action by a government, an official, a regulator, a court or a legislature that limited journalists' ability to gather or publish news.

The number of entries reflects the depth of this record, not the severity of a country's conduct.

Filters: country, continent, tactic, stage, from, to, level, actor, leader, outlet, outcome, source_kind, has_case, plus q, sort (date, date_asc, country, tactic, relevance), per_page (up to 100), page and view (table or cards), as query parameters.

3 incidents match this view.

| Date | Incident | Country | Tactic | Head of government | Outcome |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 25 January 2013 | [United States prosecutes former CIA officer John Kiriakou under the Espionage Act for identifying a covert colleague to a journalist](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2012-us-john-kiriakou-espionage-act-cia-torture-source) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Secrets and espionage laws](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/secrets_and_espionage_laws) | [Barack Obama](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/barack-obama) | Upheld by a court (3 February 2015) |
| 6 July 2005 | [New York Times reporter Judith Miller jailed for refusing to name a confidential source in the Valerie Plame affair](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2005-us-judith-miller-jailed-plame-source) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Surveillance and subpoenas](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/surveillance_and_subpoenas) | [George W. Bush](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/george-w-bush) | Upheld by a court (29 September 2005) |
| 1969 | [United States Supreme Court rules reporters have no privilege to refuse grand jury subpoenas](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1972-us-branzburg-v-hayes-reporters-privilege) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Surveillance and subpoenas](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/surveillance_and_subpoenas) | [Richard Nixon](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/richard-nixon) | Upheld by a court (29 June 1972) |

Download this view. CSV, JSON or Markdown. CC BY 4.0; credit "The War On News, thewaronnews.com".
- CSV: https://thewaronnews.com/incidents?continent=north-america&stage=punish&outcome=upheld&format=csv
- JSON: https://thewaronnews.com/incidents.json?continent=north-america&stage=punish&outcome=upheld
- Markdown: https://thewaronnews.com/incidents.md?continent=north-america&stage=punish&outcome=upheld

- Incidents (RSS): https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/feed.xml
- Incidents (Atom): https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/atom.xml
- Incidents (JSON Feed): https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/feed.json
- All incidents (CSV): https://thewaronnews.com/incidents.csv

Source page: https://thewaronnews.com/incidents?continent=north-america&stage=punish&outcome=upheld. The War On News, CC BY 4.0.