# Incidents, outcome reversed

Each incident is a dated action by a government, an official, a regulator, a court or a legislature that limited journalists' ability to gather or publish news.

The number of entries reflects the depth of this record, not the severity of a country's conduct.

Filters: country, continent, tactic, stage, from, to, level, actor, leader, outlet, outcome, source_kind, has_case, plus q, sort (date, date_asc, country, tactic, relevance), per_page (up to 100), page and view (table or cards), as query parameters.

51 incidents match this view. Showing 50 on page 1 of 2.

| Date | Incident | Country | Tactic | Head of government | Outcome |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 10 July 2026 | [Customs officers seize Grayzone editor's phones at Virginia airport over Iran reporting](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2026-cbp-seizes-grayzone-editor-phones-airport) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Surveillance and subpoenas](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/surveillance_and_subpoenas) | [Donald Trump](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/donald-trump) | Reversed (17 July 2026) |
| 17 September 2025 | [United States: Federal Communications Commission chairman's remarks and the suspension of Jimmy Kimmel Live!, September 2025](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2025-fcc-pressure-precedes-kimmel-suspension) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Funding and ownership pressure](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/funding_and_ownership_pressure) | [Donald Trump](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/donald-trump) | Reversed (23 September 2025) |
| March 2024 | [Bombay High Court strikes down India's government 'fact check unit' rule](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2024-india-court-strikes-down-fact-check-unit) | [India](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/in) ([RSF 2026 rank: 157th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Official labels](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/disinformation_labeling) | [Narendra Modi](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/narendra-modi) | Reversed (20 September 2024) |
| 20 December 2023 | [Hungary: National Sovereignty Protection Act and Sovereignty Protection Office, December 2023](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2023-hungary-sovereignty-protection-act) | [Hungary](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/hu) ([RSF 2026 rank: 74th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Official labels](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/disinformation_labeling) | [Viktor Orban](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/viktor-orban) | Reversed (30 June 2026) |
| 11 August 2023 | [Police raid Marion County Record newsroom and publisher's home in Kansas](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2023-marion-county-record-raid-kansas) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Surveillance and subpoenas](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/surveillance_and_subpoenas) | [Laura Kelly](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/laura-kelly) | Reversed (5 August 2024) |
| 21 July 2023 | [Federal court strikes down Arizona's law banning recording police within 8 feet](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2023-arizona-police-recording-law-struck-down) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Access bans](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/access_ban) | [Doug Ducey](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/doug-ducey) | Reversed (21 July 2023) |
| 29 March 2023 | [Russia: Wall Street Journal reporter Evan Gershkovich sentenced to 16 years](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2024-russia-sentences-gershkovich) | [Russia](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/ru) ([RSF 2026 rank: 172nd of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Detention and violence](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/detention_and_violence) | [Vladimir Putin](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/vladimir-putin) | Reversed (1 August 2024) |
| 8 February 2023 | [Belarus: journalist Andrzej Poczobut sentenced to eight years](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2023-belarus-sentences-poczobut) | [Belarus](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/by) ([RSF 2026 rank: 165th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Detention and violence](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/detention_and_violence) | [Alexander Lukashenko](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/alexander-lukashenko) | Reversed (28 April 2026) |
| 8 February 2023 | [Belarus: journalist Andrzej Poczobut is sentenced to eight years for inciting hatred](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2023-belarus-poczobut-eight-year-sentence) | [Belarus](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/by) ([RSF 2026 rank: 165th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Insult and defamation laws](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/insult_and_defamation_laws) | [Alexander Lukashenko](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/alexander-lukashenko) | Reversed (28 April 2026) |
| 20 July 2021 | [Court orders RCMP to stop restricting press access at Fairy Creek logging blockades](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2021-rcmp-restricts-press-fairy-creek-court-order) | [Canada](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/ca) ([RSF 2026 rank: 20th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Access bans](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/access_ban) | [John Horgan](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/john-horgan) | Reversed (20 July 2021) |
| 19 July 2021 | [Justice Department bars seizing reporters' phone and email records](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2021-doj-bans-seizing-reporters-records-garland) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Surveillance and subpoenas](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/surveillance_and_subpoenas) | [Joe Biden](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/joe-biden) | Reversed (25 April 2025) |
| 1 April 2021 | [Turkiye: the presidency's press card system is found restrictive by the country's top administrative court](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2021-turkiye-press-card-controls-restrictive) | [Türkiye](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/tr) ([RSF 2026 rank: 163rd of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Credential control](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/credential_control) | [Recep Tayyip Erdoğan](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/recep-tayyip-erdogan) | Reversed (1 April 2021) |
| 23 July 2020 | [Federal officers restrict press access to Portland protests; judge orders them to stop](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2020-federal-officers-target-journalists-portland-injunction) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Access bans](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/access_ban) | [Donald Trump](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/donald-trump) | Reversed (23 July 2020) |
| 5 July 2020 | [Morocco: investigative journalist Omar Radi's phone is infected with Pegasus spyware and he is later detained](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2020-morocco-omar-radi-pegasus-and-detention) | [Morocco](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/ma) (RSF rank: not recorded) | [Surveillance and subpoenas](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/surveillance_and_subpoenas) | [Saadeddine Othmani](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/saadeddine-othmani) | Reversed (1 July 2024) |
| 29 May 2020 | [Minnesota State Patrol arrests CNN crew live on air in Minneapolis](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2020-minnesota-state-patrol-arrests-cnn-crew-minneapolis) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Detention and violence](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/detention_and_violence) | [Tim Walz](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/tim-walz) | Reversed (29 May 2020) |
| 15 April 2020 | [Australia's High Court invalidates warrant for raid on journalist Annika Smethurst](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2020-australia-high-court-invalidates-smethurst-warrant) | [Australia](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/au) ([RSF 2026 rank: 33rd of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Surveillance and subpoenas](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/surveillance_and_subpoenas) | [Scott Morrison](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/scott-morrison) | Reversed (27 May 2020) |
| 16 November 2019 | [Iran: near-total internet shutdown during fuel-price protests](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2019-iran-nationwide-internet-shutdown) | [Iran](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/ir) ([RSF 2026 rank: 177th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Shutdowns and blocking](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/shutdowns_and_blocking) | [Hassan Rouhani](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/hassan-rouhani) | Reversed (23 November 2019) |
| 5 June 2019 | [Australian Federal Police raid the national broadcaster over reporting on alleged war crimes in Afghanistan](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2019-australia-afp-raids-abc-afghan-files) | [Australia](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/au) ([RSF 2026 rank: 33rd of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Surveillance and subpoenas](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/surveillance_and_subpoenas) | [Scott Morrison](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/scott-morrison) | Reversed (15 October 2020) |
| 23 May 2019 | [United States indicts WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange under the Espionage Act](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2019-us-assange-espionage-act-indictment) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Secrets and espionage laws](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/secrets_and_espionage_laws) | [Donald Trump](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/donald-trump) | Reversed (25 June 2024) |
| 13 February 2019 | [Philippines: Rappler's Maria Ressa arrested over cyber libel case](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2019-philippines-arrests-ressa) | [Philippines](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/ph) ([RSF 2026 rank: 114th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Detention and violence](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/detention_and_violence) | [Rodrigo Duterte](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/rodrigo-duterte) | Reversed (14 February 2019) |
| 7 November 2018 | [White House revokes CNN correspondent Jim Acosta's press credential after a news conference exchange with President Trump](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2018-us-cnn-acosta-credential-revoked) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Credential control](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/credential_control) | [Donald Trump](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/donald-trump) | Reversed (19 November 2018) |
| 7 November 2018 | [United States: White House suspension of CNN correspondent Jim Acosta's hard pass, November 2018](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2018-white-house-revokes-acosta-press-pass) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Credential control](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/credential_control) | [Donald Trump](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/donald-trump) | Reversed (19 November 2018) |
| 3 September 2018 | [Myanmar sentences two Reuters journalists to seven years under the Official Secrets Act for reporting on a massacre](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2018-myanmar-reuters-journalists-official-secrets-act) | [Myanmar](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/mm) ([RSF 2026 rank: 166th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Secrets and espionage laws](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/secrets_and_espionage_laws) | [Aung San Suu Kyi](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/aung-san-suu-kyi) | Reversed (7 May 2019) |
| 1 September 2015 | [Azerbaijan: investigative journalist Khadija Ismayilova sentenced to 7.5 years](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2015-azerbaijan-sentences-ismayilova) | [Azerbaijan](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/az) (RSF rank: not recorded) | [Detention and violence](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/detention_and_violence) | [Ilham Aliyev](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/ilham-aliyev) | Reversed (25 May 2016) |
| 17 October 2014 | [United States pursues New York Times reporter James Risen's testimony for years before dropping its demand for his source](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2014-us-james-risen-subpoena-jeffrey-sterling) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Surveillance and subpoenas](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/surveillance_and_subpoenas) | [Barack Obama](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/barack-obama) | Reversed (17 October 2014) |
| 29 December 2013 | [Egypt arrests and later convicts three Al Jazeera journalists on terrorism-related charges](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2013-egypt-al-jazeera-journalists-jailed) | [Egypt](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/eg) ([RSF 2026 rank: 169th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Detention and violence](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/detention_and_violence) | [Adly Mansour](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/adly-mansour) | Reversed (23 September 2015) |
| 25 June 2013 | [Ecuador's Organic Communication Law creates a regulator that issues hundreds of sanctions against journalists and outlets](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2013-ecuador-communications-law-supercom) | [Ecuador](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/ec) ([RSF 2026 rank: 125th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Funding and ownership pressure](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/funding_and_ownership_pressure) | [Rafael Correa](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/rafael-correa) | Reversed (20 February 2019) |
| 5 July 2010 | [United States charges Army analyst Chelsea Manning under the Espionage Act for leaking to WikiLeaks](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2010-us-chelsea-manning-espionage-act-wikileaks) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Secrets and espionage laws](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/secrets_and_espionage_laws) | [Barack Obama](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/barack-obama) | Reversed (17 January 2017) |
| 8 June 2009 | [North Korea: American journalists Laura Ling and Euna Lee are sentenced to hard labor](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2009-north-korea-ling-lee-sentenced) | [North Korea](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/kp) (RSF rank: not recorded) | [Secrets and espionage laws](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/secrets_and_espionage_laws) | [Kim Jong Il](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/kim-jong-il) | Reversed (4 August 2009) |
| 12 September 2003 | [Zimbabwe: police close the Daily News under the media registration law](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2003-zimbabwe-daily-news-shut-down) | [Zimbabwe](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/zw) ([RSF 2026 rank: 124th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Licensing and closure of outlets](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/outlet_licensing) | [Robert Mugabe](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/robert-mugabe) | Reversed (27 May 2010) |
| 20 October 1998 | [Serbia's Public Information Act lets courts fine independent newspapers into financial danger](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1998-serbia-public-information-act-fines) | [Serbia](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/rs) ([RSF 2026 rank: 104th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Insult and defamation laws](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/insult_and_defamation_laws) | [Slobodan Milosevic](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/slobodan-milosevic) | Reversed (1 October 2000) |
| July 1995 | [Nigeria's military government convicts journalists by special tribunal over coup-plot reporting](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1995-nigeria-abacha-journalists-tribunal) | [Nigeria](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/ng) ([RSF 2026 rank: 112th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Detention and violence](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/detention_and_violence) | [Sani Abacha](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/sani-abacha) | Reversed (15 June 1998) |
| October 1988 | [United Kingdom bars broadcasters from airing Sinn Féin members' own voices](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1988-uk-broadcasting-ban-sinn-fein) | [United Kingdom](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/gb) ([RSF 2026 rank: 18th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Licensing and closure of outlets](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/outlet_licensing) | [Margaret Thatcher](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/margaret-thatcher) | Reversed (16 September 1994) |
| 2 November 1985 | [South Africa bans television and photographic coverage of unrest under a state of emergency](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1985-south-africa-state-of-emergency-media-ban) | [South Africa](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/za) ([RSF 2026 rank: 21st of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Shutdowns and blocking](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/shutdowns_and_blocking) | [P. W. Botha](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/p-w-botha) | Reversed (1 June 1990) |
| 25 October 1983 | [United States military bars journalists from the invasion of Grenada](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1983-us-grenada-press-exclusion) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Access bans](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/access_ban) | [Ronald Reagan](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/ronald-reagan) | Reversed (1 April 1985) |
| 13 December 1981 | [Poland's martial law government shuts nearly all newspapers and interns journalists overnight](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1981-poland-martial-law-press-suspended) | [Poland](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/pl) ([RSF 2026 rank: 27th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Shutdowns and blocking](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/shutdowns_and_blocking) | [Wojciech Jaruzelski](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/wojciech-jaruzelski) | Reversed (22 July 1983) |
| 1980 | [Haiti's Duvalier government arrests and deports Radio Haiti-Inter staff, driving its director into exile](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1981-haiti-duvalier-radio-haiti-inter-exile) | [Haiti](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/ht) ([RSF 2026 rank: 107th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Expulsion and visa denial](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/expulsion_and_visa_denial) | [Jean-Claude Duvalier](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/jean-claude-duvalier) | Reversed (1 February 1986) |
| 31 July 1980 | [South Korea's martial-law government purges journalists who resisted press controls](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1980-south-korea-chun-doo-hwan-press-purge) | [South Korea](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/kr) ([RSF 2026 rank: 47th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Licensing and closure of outlets](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/outlet_licensing) | [Chun Doo-hwan](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/chun-doo-hwan) | Reversed (1 June 1987) |
| 24 March 1976 | [Argentina's military junta threatens journalists with prison for reporting on its opponents](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1976-argentina-junta-press-decrees) | [Argentina](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/ar) ([RSF 2026 rank: 98th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Detention and violence](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/detention_and_violence) | [Jorge Rafael Videla](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/jorge-videla) | Reversed (10 December 1983) |
| 26 June 1975 | [India imposes pre-press controls on every newspaper during the 1975 Emergency](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1975-india-emergency-press-censorship) | [India](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/in) ([RSF 2026 rank: 157th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Prior restraint](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/prior_restraint) | [Indira Gandhi](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/indira-gandhi) | Reversed (21 March 1977) |
| 21 September 1972 | [Philippines President Marcos closes every major news outlet under martial law](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1972-philippines-marcos-martial-law-media-closures) | [Philippines](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/ph) ([RSF 2026 rank: 114th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Shutdowns and blocking](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/shutdowns_and_blocking) | [Ferdinand Marcos](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/ferdinand-marcos) | Reversed (25 February 1986) |
| 16 August 1971 | [Nixon White House compiles an enemies list naming journalists for official pressure](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1971-us-nixon-enemies-list) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Surveillance and subpoenas](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/surveillance_and_subpoenas) | [Richard Nixon](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/richard-nixon) | Reversed (27 June 1973) |
| 15 June 1971 | [United States government seeks an injunction to stop The New York Times publishing the Pentagon Papers](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1971-us-pentagon-papers-injunction) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Prior restraint](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/prior_restraint) | [Richard Nixon](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/richard-nixon) | Reversed (30 June 1971) |
| 21 August 1968 | [Soviet-led invasion of Czechoslovakia is followed by the return of government press controls](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1968-czechoslovakia-normalization-censorship) | [Czechia](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/cz) ([RSF 2026 rank: 11th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/country-czechia)) | [Prior restraint](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/prior_restraint) | [Alexander Dubček](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/alexander-dubcek) | Reversed (1 November 1989) |
| 17 July 1950 | [South Africa's Suppression of Communism Act lets the government ban publications and restrict individuals](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1950-south-africa-suppression-of-communism-act) | [South Africa](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/za) ([RSF 2026 rank: 21st of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Prior restraint](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/prior_restraint) | [Daniel François Malan](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/daniel-francois-malan) | Reversed (31 July 1991) |
| 16 April 1944 | [Australia's wartime government seizes a Sydney newspaper edition under press controls rules](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1944-australia-calwell-newspaper-seizure) | [Australia](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/au) ([RSF 2026 rank: 33rd of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Prior restraint](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/prior_restraint) | [John Curtin](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/john-curtin) | Reversed (18 April 1944) |
| 1939 | [Brazil's Vargas government creates a state messaging department with broad press powers](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1939-brazil-vargas-creates-dip) | [Brazil](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/br) ([RSF 2026 rank: 52nd of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Licensing and closure of outlets](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/outlet_licensing) | [Getúlio Vargas](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/getulio-vargas) | Reversed (1 January 1945) |
| April 1938 | [Franco's Spain requires state permission to be a journalist under a wartime Press Law](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1938-spain-franco-press-law) | [Spain](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/es) ([RSF 2026 rank: 29th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Credential control](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/credential_control) | [Francisco Franco](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/francisco-franco) | Reversed (1 April 1977) |
| 4 October 1933 | [Nazi Germany's Editors Law bars Jewish journalists from the press and puts editors under state direction](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1933-germany-editors-law) | [Germany](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/de) ([RSF 2026 rank: 14th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Credential control](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/credential_control) | [Adolf Hitler](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/adolf-hitler) | Reversed (8 May 1945) |
| 1933 | [Portugal's Salazar government formally establishes press controls under a new constitution](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1933-portugal-salazar-formal-censorship) | [Portugal](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/pt) ([RSF 2026 rank: 10th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Prior restraint](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/prior_restraint) | [António de Oliveira Salazar](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/antonio-salazar) | Reversed (25 April 1974) |

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