{
  "id": 67,
  "slug": "1998-malaysia-anwar-arrest-press-restrictions",
  "title": "Malaysia pressures domestic media and monitors foreign correspondents after arresting former deputy premier Anwar Ibrahim",
  "occurred_on": "1998-09-20",
  "occurred_on_precision": "day",
  "ended_on": null,
  "jurisdiction": "MY",
  "country": "MY",
  "continent": "asia",
  "level": "national",
  "type": null,
  "tactic_primary": "surveillance_and_subpoenas",
  "leader_slug": "mahathir-mohamad",
  "issue_of_the_day": "The September 1998 dismissal, arrest and prosecution of former deputy prime minister Anwar Ibrahim on corruption and sodomy charges.",
  "outcome": "unknown",
  "outcome_on": null,
  "outcome_note": "The sources reviewed do not describe a formal reversal of the surveillance of journalists or the pressure on party-linked papers during this period.",
  "granularity": "anchor",
  "era": "1990s",
  "summary": "After Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad's government arrested former deputy prime minister Anwar Ibrahim in September 1998, party-linked newspapers pressured staff to follow the official line, police visited journalists who interviewed his wife, and authorities said they would monitor internet traffic about the case.{c:250}{c:251}{c:252}{c:253}{c:254}",
  "what_happened": "On September 20, 1998, Malaysian police arrested former deputy prime minister Anwar Ibrahim, days after Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad dismissed him amid a political dispute; Anwar was later convicted on corruption and sodomy charges he said were fabricated to end his political career. Newspapers partly owned by the ruling United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), including Utusan Malaysia, pressured editors and journalists to follow the party line on the case or face dismissal, Human Rights Watch reported. Police visited foreign correspondents in Singapore who had interviewed Anwar's wife, Wan Azizah, as part of a sedition investigation into her, and authorities barred her from addressing public meetings. The government also announced it would monitor internet traffic discussing the arrest. Circulation of the opposition paper Harakah surged roughly fourfold as readers sought coverage outside the mainstream press; its editor, Zulkifli Sulong, was later charged with sedition and said, \"The government is trying to silence us.\"{c:250}{c:251}{c:252}{c:253}{c:254}",
  "stated_justification": "Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad said restrictions on coverage of the case were necessary \"to preserve national harmony\" and pointed to what he called fabrications by foreign news outlets, while saying in a separate speech, \"A government which controls the media is a government with no morals.\"{c:253}",
  "effect_on_reporting": "Party-linked newspapers pressured journalists to follow the government's account or risk dismissal, police investigated reporters over interviews with Anwar's wife, and the opposition paper Harakah, whose circulation surged, later saw its editor charged with sedition.{c:252}{c:254}",
  "unknowns": null,
  "status": "historical",
  "status_updated_on": "2026-09-22",
  "external_ids": {},
  "illustration_key": null,
  "pub_state": "published",
  "published_at": "2026-09-22T23:08:38Z",
  "reviewed_on": "2026-09-22",
  "next_review_on": "2026-12-22",
  "revision": 5,
  "created_at": "2026-09-22T23:08:31Z",
  "updated_at": "2026-09-23T00:11:32Z",
  "stage": "pressure",
  "ladder_note": null,
  "country_name": "Malaysia",
  "tactics": [
    "surveillance_and_subpoenas",
    "funding_and_ownership_pressure"
  ],
  "leader": {
    "slug": "mahathir-mohamad",
    "name": "Mahathir Mohamad",
    "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/mahathir-mohamad"
  },
  "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1998-malaysia-anwar-arrest-press-restrictions",
  "page_meta": {
    "published": "2026-09-22T23:08:38Z",
    "reviewed": "2026-09-22",
    "sources": 2,
    "status": "historical",
    "statusAsOf": "2026-09-22",
    "unknowns": null
  },
  "actors": [
    {
      "slug": "anwar-ibrahim",
      "name": "Anwar Ibrahim",
      "kind": "person",
      "role": "other",
      "role_at_time": null,
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/actors/anwar-ibrahim"
    },
    {
      "slug": "mahathir-mohamad",
      "name": "Mahathir Mohamad",
      "kind": "person",
      "role": "ordered",
      "role_at_time": null,
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/actors/mahathir-mohamad"
    },
    {
      "slug": "zulkifli-sulong",
      "name": "Zulkifli Sulong",
      "kind": "person",
      "role": "other",
      "role_at_time": null,
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/actors/zulkifli-sulong"
    }
  ],
  "outlets": [
    {
      "slug": "harakah",
      "name": "Harakah",
      "relation": "affected",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/outlets/harakah"
    }
  ],
  "journalists": [],
  "cases": [],
  "related": [],
  "events": [],
  "claims": [
    {
      "id": 250,
      "subject_type": "incident",
      "subject_id": 67,
      "field": "action",
      "value": "Party-linked papers pressure staff",
      "statement": "UMNO-linked newspapers pressured editors and journalists to follow the party line or face dismissal.",
      "attribution": null,
      "source_id": 221,
      "evidence_quote": "Newspapers in which the ruling party, UMNO, is a major shareholder, such as Utusan Malaysia, have pressured editors and journalists to follow the party line on Anwar or face dismissal.",
      "evidence_date": "1998-11-02",
      "method": "outlet_report",
      "verified_at": "2026-09-22",
      "confidence": "medium",
      "status": "current",
      "supersedes_id": null,
      "superseded_by": null,
      "supersede_reason": null,
      "batch_label": "v2-research-2026-09-22",
      "created_at": "2026-09-22T23:08:32Z",
      "source": {
        "id": 221,
        "url": "https://www.hrw.org/news/1998/11/02/human-rights-watch-malaysia-its-not-just-trial",
        "final_url": "https://www.hrw.org/news/1998/11/02/human-rights-watch-malaysia-its-not-just-trial",
        "title": "Human Rights Watch On Malaysia: It's Not Just The Trial",
        "publisher": "Human Rights Watch",
        "published_on": "1998-11-02",
        "link_state": "live",
        "link_state_since": "2026-09-22T23:23:23Z",
        "wayback_url": null,
        "wayback_saved_at": null
      },
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/claims/250"
    },
    {
      "id": 251,
      "subject_type": "incident",
      "subject_id": 67,
      "field": "action",
      "value": "Police visit foreign correspondents",
      "statement": "Foreign journalists who interviewed Anwar's wife were visited by Malaysian police as part of a sedition investigation.",
      "attribution": null,
      "source_id": 221,
      "evidence_quote": "International journalists who interviewed her were visited in Singapore by Malaysian police as part of an investigation of Wan Azizah on possible sedition charges.",
      "evidence_date": "1998-11-02",
      "method": "outlet_report",
      "verified_at": "2026-09-22",
      "confidence": "medium",
      "status": "current",
      "supersedes_id": null,
      "superseded_by": null,
      "supersede_reason": null,
      "batch_label": "v2-research-2026-09-22",
      "created_at": "2026-09-22T23:08:33Z",
      "source": {
        "id": 221,
        "url": "https://www.hrw.org/news/1998/11/02/human-rights-watch-malaysia-its-not-just-trial",
        "final_url": "https://www.hrw.org/news/1998/11/02/human-rights-watch-malaysia-its-not-just-trial",
        "title": "Human Rights Watch On Malaysia: It's Not Just The Trial",
        "publisher": "Human Rights Watch",
        "published_on": "1998-11-02",
        "link_state": "live",
        "link_state_since": "2026-09-22T23:23:23Z",
        "wayback_url": null,
        "wayback_saved_at": null
      },
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/claims/251"
    },
    {
      "id": 252,
      "subject_type": "incident",
      "subject_id": 67,
      "field": "effect_on_reporting",
      "value": "Internet communications to be monitored",
      "statement": "Authorities announced surveillance of internet communications relating to the arrest.",
      "attribution": null,
      "source_id": 221,
      "evidence_quote": "Malaysian authorities have also announced surveillance of all Internet communications regarding the arrest of Anwar.",
      "evidence_date": "1998-11-02",
      "method": "outlet_report",
      "verified_at": "2026-09-22",
      "confidence": "medium",
      "status": "current",
      "supersedes_id": null,
      "superseded_by": null,
      "supersede_reason": null,
      "batch_label": "v2-research-2026-09-22",
      "created_at": "2026-09-22T23:08:33Z",
      "source": {
        "id": 221,
        "url": "https://www.hrw.org/news/1998/11/02/human-rights-watch-malaysia-its-not-just-trial",
        "final_url": "https://www.hrw.org/news/1998/11/02/human-rights-watch-malaysia-its-not-just-trial",
        "title": "Human Rights Watch On Malaysia: It's Not Just The Trial",
        "publisher": "Human Rights Watch",
        "published_on": "1998-11-02",
        "link_state": "live",
        "link_state_since": "2026-09-22T23:23:23Z",
        "wayback_url": null,
        "wayback_saved_at": null
      },
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/claims/252"
    },
    {
      "id": 253,
      "subject_type": "incident",
      "subject_id": 67,
      "field": "stated_justification",
      "value": "Mahathir on media control",
      "statement": "Mahathir said a government that controls the media is a government with no morals.",
      "attribution": null,
      "source_id": 222,
      "evidence_quote": "A government which controls the media is a government with no morals",
      "evidence_date": "2001-03-01",
      "method": "outlet_report",
      "verified_at": "2026-09-22",
      "confidence": "medium",
      "status": "current",
      "supersedes_id": null,
      "superseded_by": null,
      "supersede_reason": null,
      "batch_label": "v2-research-2026-09-22",
      "created_at": "2026-09-22T23:08:34Z",
      "source": {
        "id": 222,
        "url": "https://cpj.org/2001/03/attacks-on-the-press-2000-malaysia/",
        "final_url": "https://cpj.org/2001/03/attacks-on-the-press-2000-malaysia/",
        "title": "Attacks on the Press 2000: Malaysia",
        "publisher": "Committee to Protect Journalists",
        "published_on": "2001-03-01",
        "link_state": "live",
        "link_state_since": "2026-09-22T23:23:23Z",
        "wayback_url": null,
        "wayback_saved_at": null
      },
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/claims/253"
    },
    {
      "id": 254,
      "subject_type": "incident",
      "subject_id": 67,
      "field": "effect_on_reporting",
      "value": "Harakah editor says government trying to silence paper",
      "statement": "The opposition paper's editor said the government was trying to silence its coverage.",
      "attribution": null,
      "source_id": 222,
      "evidence_quote": "The government is trying to silence us",
      "evidence_date": "2001-03-01",
      "method": "outlet_report",
      "verified_at": "2026-09-22",
      "confidence": "medium",
      "status": "current",
      "supersedes_id": null,
      "superseded_by": null,
      "supersede_reason": null,
      "batch_label": "v2-research-2026-09-22",
      "created_at": "2026-09-22T23:08:35Z",
      "source": {
        "id": 222,
        "url": "https://cpj.org/2001/03/attacks-on-the-press-2000-malaysia/",
        "final_url": "https://cpj.org/2001/03/attacks-on-the-press-2000-malaysia/",
        "title": "Attacks on the Press 2000: Malaysia",
        "publisher": "Committee to Protect Journalists",
        "published_on": "2001-03-01",
        "link_state": "live",
        "link_state_since": "2026-09-22T23:23:23Z",
        "wayback_url": null,
        "wayback_saved_at": null
      },
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/claims/254"
    }
  ],
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": 221,
      "url": "https://www.hrw.org/news/1998/11/02/human-rights-watch-malaysia-its-not-just-trial",
      "final_url": "https://www.hrw.org/news/1998/11/02/human-rights-watch-malaysia-its-not-just-trial",
      "title": "Human Rights Watch On Malaysia: It's Not Just The Trial",
      "publisher": "Human Rights Watch",
      "published_on": "1998-11-02",
      "link_state": "live",
      "link_state_since": "2026-09-22T23:23:23Z",
      "wayback_url": null,
      "wayback_saved_at": null
    },
    {
      "id": 222,
      "url": "https://cpj.org/2001/03/attacks-on-the-press-2000-malaysia/",
      "final_url": "https://cpj.org/2001/03/attacks-on-the-press-2000-malaysia/",
      "title": "Attacks on the Press 2000: Malaysia",
      "publisher": "Committee to Protect Journalists",
      "published_on": "2001-03-01",
      "link_state": "live",
      "link_state_since": "2026-09-22T23:23:23Z",
      "wayback_url": null,
      "wayback_saved_at": null
    }
  ],
  "revisions_url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1998-malaysia-anwar-arrest-press-restrictions/revisions",
  "license": {
    "name": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
  },
  "cite_as": "Malaysia pressures domestic media and monitors foreign correspondents after arresting former deputy premier Anwar Ibrahim. The War On News, thewaronnews.com. https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1998-malaysia-anwar-arrest-press-restrictions. Retrieved 2026-09-23."
}