{
  "slug": "artur-costa-e-silva",
  "name": "Artur da Costa e Silva",
  "office": null,
  "role": "President of Brazil",
  "country": "BR",
  "actor_url": "https://thewaronnews.com/actors/artur-costa-e-silva",
  "incident_count": 1,
  "incidents": [
    {
      "slug": "1968-brazil-institutional-act-five-press-controls",
      "title": "Brazil's military government decrees the Fifth Institutional Act and moves to control the press",
      "occurred_on": "1968-12-13",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "BR",
      "country_name": "Brazil",
      "continent": "south-america",
      "jurisdiction": "BR",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "prior_restraint",
      "tactics": [
        "funding_and_ownership_pressure",
        "prior_restraint"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "artur-costa-e-silva",
      "leader_name": "Artur da Costa e Silva",
      "issue_of_the_day": "The decree followed a months-long dispute between Brazil's Congress and its military leadership over disciplining an opposition deputy for a speech on the floor of Congress that the army considered insulting.",
      "outcome": "unknown",
      "outcome_on": null,
      "outcome_note": "The United States Embassy assessed at the time that a full restoration of press freedom in Brazil would be a long process.",
      "stage": "silence",
      "ladder_note": null,
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 52,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 52nd of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "1960s",
      "granularity": "anchor",
      "status": "historical",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "On the night of December 13, 1968, Brazil's military government, led by President Artur da Costa e Silva, decreed the Fifth Institutional Act, suspending constitutional guarantees and recessing the national Congress. A United States Embassy cable reported weeks later that officials planned to ease press restrictions gradually while keeping the threat of renewed controls and economic pressure over newspapers in reserve.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1968-brazil-institutional-act-five-press-controls"
    }
  ],
  "downloads": {
    "csv": "https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/artur-costa-e-silva?format=csv",
    "json": "https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/artur-costa-e-silva.json",
    "md": "https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/artur-costa-e-silva.md"
  },
  "license": {
    "name": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
  }
}