{
  "title": "Search: detention and violence in Asia, outcome reversed",
  "canonical_url": "https://thewaronnews.com/search?continent=asia&tactic=detention_and_violence&outcome=reversed",
  "filters": {
    "continent": "asia",
    "tactic": "detention_and_violence",
    "outcome": "reversed"
  },
  "sort": "date",
  "count": 5,
  "page": 1,
  "pages": 1,
  "per_page": 50,
  "counts_caveat": "The number of entries reflects the depth of this record, not the severity of a country's conduct.",
  "facets": {
    "country": [
      {
        "value": "AZ",
        "label": "Azerbaijan",
        "rsf": null
      },
      {
        "value": "MM",
        "label": "Myanmar",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 166,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 166th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "PH",
        "label": "Philippines",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 114,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 114th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "KR",
        "label": "South Korea",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 47,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 47th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      }
    ],
    "continent": [
      {
        "value": "asia",
        "label": "Asia"
      }
    ],
    "tactic": [
      {
        "value": "detention_and_violence",
        "label": "Detention and violence",
        "count": 5
      },
      {
        "value": "secrets_and_espionage_laws",
        "label": "Secrets and espionage laws",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "outlet_licensing",
        "label": "Licensing and closure of outlets",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "prior_restraint",
        "label": "Prior restraint",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "shutdowns_and_blocking",
        "label": "Shutdowns and blocking",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "stage": [
      {
        "value": "punish",
        "label": "Punish",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "silence",
        "label": "Silence",
        "count": 2
      },
      {
        "value": "eliminate",
        "label": "Eliminate",
        "count": 2
      }
    ],
    "level": [
      {
        "value": "national",
        "label": "National",
        "count": 5
      }
    ],
    "outcome": [
      {
        "value": "reversed",
        "label": "Reversed",
        "count": 5
      }
    ],
    "leader": [
      {
        "value": "aung-san-suu-kyi",
        "label": "Aung San Suu Kyi"
      },
      {
        "value": "chun-doo-hwan",
        "label": "Chun Doo-hwan"
      },
      {
        "value": "ferdinand-marcos",
        "label": "Ferdinand Marcos"
      },
      {
        "value": "ilham-aliyev",
        "label": "Ilham Aliyev"
      },
      {
        "value": "rodrigo-duterte",
        "label": "Rodrigo Duterte"
      }
    ],
    "era": [
      {
        "value": "2010s",
        "label": "2010s",
        "count": 3
      },
      {
        "value": "1980s",
        "label": "1980s",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "1970s",
        "label": "1970s",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "year": [
      {
        "value": "1972",
        "label": "1972",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "1980",
        "label": "1980",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "2015",
        "label": "2015",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "2018",
        "label": "2018",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "2019",
        "label": "2019",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "has_case": [
      {
        "value": "0",
        "label": "without a court case",
        "count": 5
      }
    ]
  },
  "results": [
    {
      "slug": "2019-philippines-arrests-ressa",
      "title": "Philippines: Rappler's Maria Ressa arrested over cyber libel case",
      "occurred_on": "2019-02-13",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "PH",
      "country_name": "Philippines",
      "continent": "asia",
      "jurisdiction": "PH",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "detention_and_violence",
      "tactics": [
        "detention_and_violence"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "rodrigo-duterte",
      "leader_name": "Rodrigo Duterte",
      "issue_of_the_day": "Not stated in the sources reviewed.",
      "outcome": "reversed",
      "outcome_on": "2019-02-14",
      "outcome_note": "Ressa was released on bail the morning after her arrest; the underlying cyber libel case continued separately.",
      "stage": "punish",
      "ladder_note": "Philippine agents arrested an outlet's executive editor at her own newsroom over a story published years before the cybercrime law used to charge her existed; United States detentions in the record ended without charges filed.",
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 114,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 114th of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "2010s",
      "granularity": "granular",
      "status": "historical",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "Philippine agents arrested Rappler executive editor Maria Ressa at the outlet's Manila office and held her overnight on a cyber libel case tied to a 2012 story, published before the cybercrime law used to charge her existed.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2019-philippines-arrests-ressa"
    },
    {
      "slug": "2018-myanmar-reuters-journalists-official-secrets-act",
      "title": "Myanmar sentences two Reuters journalists to seven years under the Official Secrets Act for reporting on a massacre",
      "occurred_on": "2018-09-03",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "MM",
      "country_name": "Myanmar",
      "continent": "asia",
      "jurisdiction": "MM",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "secrets_and_espionage_laws",
      "tactics": [
        "detention_and_violence",
        "secrets_and_espionage_laws"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "aung-san-suu-kyi",
      "leader_name": "Aung San Suu Kyi",
      "issue_of_the_day": "The Reuters investigation into the killing of ten Rohingya Muslim men and boys by Myanmar soldiers and local residents in Inn Din village, Rakhine State, in September 2017.",
      "outcome": "reversed",
      "outcome_on": "2019-05-07",
      "outcome_note": "President Win Myint pardoned and released Wa Lone and Kyaw Soe Oo on May 7, 2019, after 511 days in prison, as part of a mass amnesty.",
      "stage": "eliminate",
      "ladder_note": "Both reporters were pardoned in May 2019 after 511 days in prison.",
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 166,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 166th of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "2010s",
      "granularity": "anchor",
      "status": "historical",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "A Myanmar court sentenced Reuters reporters Wa Lone and Kyaw Soe Oo to seven years under the colonial-era Official Secrets Act after police handed them classified documents at a dinner shortly before their arrest, while they were investigating the killing of Rohingya Muslim villagers.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2018-myanmar-reuters-journalists-official-secrets-act"
    },
    {
      "slug": "2015-azerbaijan-sentences-ismayilova",
      "title": "Azerbaijan: investigative journalist Khadija Ismayilova sentenced to 7.5 years",
      "occurred_on": "2015-09-01",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "AZ",
      "country_name": "Azerbaijan",
      "continent": "asia",
      "jurisdiction": "AZ",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "detention_and_violence",
      "tactics": [
        "detention_and_violence"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "ilham-aliyev",
      "leader_name": "Ilham Aliyev",
      "issue_of_the_day": "Not stated in the sources reviewed.",
      "outcome": "reversed",
      "outcome_on": "2016-05-25",
      "outcome_note": "Azerbaijan's Supreme Court converted her sentence to a suspended term and ordered her released after about 538 days in custody.",
      "stage": "eliminate",
      "ladder_note": "Azerbaijan imprisoned an investigative reporter for over a year on charges connected to her reporting on the president's family's business holdings; no United States case in the record has produced a multi-year sentence.",
      "rsf": null,
      "era": "2010s",
      "granularity": "granular",
      "status": "historical",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "A Baku court convicted investigative journalist Khadija Ismayilova on business and tax charges and sentenced her to seven and a half years in prison, in a case CPJ said was payback for her reporting on official corruption.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2015-azerbaijan-sentences-ismayilova"
    },
    {
      "slug": "1980-south-korea-chun-doo-hwan-press-purge",
      "title": "South Korea's martial-law government purges journalists who resisted press controls",
      "occurred_on": "1980-07-31",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "KR",
      "country_name": "South Korea",
      "continent": "asia",
      "jurisdiction": "KR",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "outlet_licensing",
      "tactics": [
        "detention_and_violence",
        "outlet_licensing"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "chun-doo-hwan",
      "leader_name": "Chun Doo-hwan",
      "issue_of_the_day": "Chun Doo-hwan's military government had just suppressed a pro-democracy uprising centered in the city of Kwangju in May 1980, and used the purge to remove journalists it associated with resistance to press controls during that period.",
      "outcome": "reversed",
      "outcome_on": "1987-06-01",
      "outcome_note": "South Korea's June 1987 democracy movement led to direct presidential elections and an easing of press controls; a 1986 leak of secret press guidelines had already embarrassed the government.",
      "stage": "silence",
      "ladder_note": null,
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 47,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 47th of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "1980s",
      "granularity": "anchor",
      "status": "historical",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "Under General Chun Doo-hwan's martial-law government, South Korean authorities ordered newsrooms in 1980 to purge journalists who had resisted press controls or joined a May sit-in strike for press freedom, and closed 172 periodicals, dismissing roughly 2,000 journalists in total.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1980-south-korea-chun-doo-hwan-press-purge"
    },
    {
      "slug": "1972-philippines-marcos-martial-law-media-closures",
      "title": "Philippines President Marcos closes every major news outlet under martial law",
      "occurred_on": "1972-09-21",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "PH",
      "country_name": "Philippines",
      "continent": "asia",
      "jurisdiction": "PH",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "shutdowns_and_blocking",
      "tactics": [
        "detention_and_violence",
        "prior_restraint",
        "shutdowns_and_blocking"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "ferdinand-marcos",
      "leader_name": "Ferdinand Marcos",
      "issue_of_the_day": "Marcos had declared martial law citing threats from Communist insurgency and civil unrest, and moved immediately to eliminate independent media coverage that might question the declaration or his expanding powers.",
      "outcome": "reversed",
      "outcome_on": "1986-02-25",
      "outcome_note": "Marcos was removed from power in the People Power Revolution of February 22-25, 1986, ending martial-law controls on the Philippine press.",
      "stage": "silence",
      "ladder_note": null,
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 114,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 114th of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "1970s",
      "granularity": "anchor",
      "status": "historical",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "President Ferdinand Marcos declared martial law on September 21, 1972, and the next day ordered the military to take over nearly every newspaper, radio and television station in the Philippines, jailing prominent publishers and editors and requiring government clearance for whatever remained.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1972-philippines-marcos-martial-law-media-closures"
    }
  ],
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  "license": {
    "name": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
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}