{
  "title": "Search in Asia, stage: silence, outcome sustained",
  "canonical_url": "https://thewaronnews.com/search?continent=asia&stage=silence&outcome=sustained",
  "filters": {
    "continent": "asia",
    "stage": "silence",
    "outcome": "sustained"
  },
  "sort": "date",
  "count": 7,
  "page": 1,
  "pages": 1,
  "per_page": 50,
  "counts_caveat": "The number of entries reflects the depth of this record, not the severity of a country's conduct.",
  "facets": {
    "country": [
      {
        "value": "KH",
        "label": "Cambodia",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 151,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 151st of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "HK",
        "label": "Hong Kong",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 140,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 140th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "MM",
        "label": "Myanmar",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 166,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 166th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "TR",
        "label": "Türkiye",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 163,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 163rd of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      }
    ],
    "continent": [
      {
        "value": "asia",
        "label": "Asia"
      }
    ],
    "tactic": [
      {
        "value": "outlet_licensing",
        "label": "Licensing and closure of outlets",
        "count": 5
      },
      {
        "value": "funding_and_ownership_pressure",
        "label": "Funding and ownership pressure",
        "count": 3
      },
      {
        "value": "detention_and_violence",
        "label": "Detention and violence",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "stage": [
      {
        "value": "silence",
        "label": "Silence",
        "count": 7
      }
    ],
    "level": [
      {
        "value": "national",
        "label": "National",
        "count": 7
      }
    ],
    "outcome": [
      {
        "value": "sustained",
        "label": "Sustained",
        "count": 7
      }
    ],
    "leader": [
      {
        "value": "carrie-lam",
        "label": "Carrie Lam"
      },
      {
        "value": "hun-sen",
        "label": "Hun Sen"
      },
      {
        "value": "min-aung-hlaing",
        "label": "Min Aung Hlaing"
      },
      {
        "value": "recep-tayyip-erdogan",
        "label": "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan"
      }
    ],
    "era": [
      {
        "value": "2010s",
        "label": "2010s",
        "count": 4
      },
      {
        "value": "2020s",
        "label": "2020s",
        "count": 3
      }
    ],
    "year": [
      {
        "value": "2016",
        "label": "2016",
        "count": 2
      },
      {
        "value": "2017",
        "label": "2017",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "2018",
        "label": "2018",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "2021",
        "label": "2021",
        "count": 2
      },
      {
        "value": "2023",
        "label": "2023",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "has_case": [
      {
        "value": "0",
        "label": "without a court case",
        "count": 7
      }
    ]
  },
  "results": [
    {
      "slug": "2023-cambodia-shutters-voice-of-democracy",
      "title": "Cambodia: Prime Minister Hun Sen orders Voice of Democracy's license revoked over one article",
      "occurred_on": "2023-02-13",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "KH",
      "country_name": "Cambodia",
      "continent": "asia",
      "jurisdiction": "KH",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "outlet_licensing",
      "tactics": [
        "outlet_licensing"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "hun-sen",
      "leader_name": "Hun Sen",
      "issue_of_the_day": "The article, published February 8, 2023, reported that Hun Sen's son and eventual successor, Hun Manet, had overstepped his authority by signing a $100,000 earthquake aid agreement for Turkiye.",
      "outcome": "sustained",
      "outcome_on": "2023-02-13",
      "outcome_note": "The Ministry of Information revoked the license as Hun Sen ordered, with no reversal reported in the source reviewed.",
      "stage": "silence",
      "ladder_note": "The head of government personally ordered a national outlet's operating license revoked over one article, rejecting a published apology, rather than pursuing a defamation suit.",
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 151,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 151st of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "2020s",
      "granularity": "granular",
      "status": "in_effect",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "Prime Minister Hun Sen personally ordered the license of independent outlet Voice of Democracy revoked over an article about an earthquake-aid agreement signed by his son, rejecting the outlet's published apology.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2023-cambodia-shutters-voice-of-democracy"
    },
    {
      "slug": "2021-hong-kong-apple-daily-forced-closure",
      "title": "China (Hong Kong): Apple Daily closes after its assets are frozen under the national security law",
      "occurred_on": "2021-06-24",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "HK",
      "country_name": "Hong Kong",
      "continent": "asia",
      "jurisdiction": "HK",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "outlet_licensing",
      "tactics": [
        "outlet_licensing"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "carrie-lam",
      "leader_name": "Carrie Lam",
      "issue_of_the_day": "The closure followed Hong Kong's 2019 to 2020 pro-democracy protests and Beijing's imposition of a national security law on the territory in June 2020, which criminalized broadly defined acts of subversion and collusion with foreign forces.",
      "outcome": "sustained",
      "outcome_on": "2021-06-24",
      "outcome_note": "Apple Daily did not resume publication and its former executives faced additional charges as of the December 2021 report reviewed.",
      "stage": "silence",
      "ladder_note": "A newspaper's assets were frozen and its senior editors charged with offenses carrying up to life imprisonment, ending publication entirely rather than a licensing dispute or fine.",
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 140,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 140th of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "2020s",
      "granularity": "granular",
      "status": "in_effect",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "Apple Daily, Hong Kong's largest pro-democracy newspaper, printed its final edition after the government froze its parent company's assets and arrested its editors under the national security law imposed on the territory in 2020.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2021-hong-kong-apple-daily-forced-closure"
    },
    {
      "slug": "2021-myanmar-junta-revokes-media-licenses",
      "title": "Myanmar junta revokes five outlets' licenses and raids newsrooms after coup",
      "occurred_on": "2021-03-08",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "MM",
      "country_name": "Myanmar",
      "continent": "asia",
      "jurisdiction": "MM",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "outlet_licensing",
      "tactics": [
        "detention_and_violence",
        "outlet_licensing"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "min-aung-hlaing",
      "leader_name": "Min Aung Hlaing",
      "issue_of_the_day": "The outlets had been covering nationwide protests against the military's February 1, 2021 seizure of power from Myanmar's elected government, coverage the junta sought to stop by removing the outlets' legal authorization to operate.",
      "outcome": "sustained",
      "outcome_on": null,
      "outcome_note": "The five outlets' licenses were not restored; CPJ counted at least 32 journalists still imprisoned as of July 2021.",
      "stage": "silence",
      "ladder_note": null,
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 166,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 166th of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "2020s",
      "granularity": "granular",
      "status": "in_effect",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "Weeks after seizing power, Myanmar's military junta revoked the operating licenses of five independent media outlets covering protests against the coup and raided two of their newsrooms, seizing computers and files; journalists from the outlets were later arrested and charged under a broadened penal-code provision on spreading 'false news.'",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2021-myanmar-junta-revokes-media-licenses"
    },
    {
      "slug": "2018-turkiye-dogan-sells-to-demiroren",
      "title": "Turkiye: Dogan Holding sells its media outlets to Demiroren",
      "occurred_on": "2018-03-21",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "TR",
      "country_name": "Türkiye",
      "continent": "asia",
      "jurisdiction": "TR",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "funding_and_ownership_pressure",
      "tactics": [
        "funding_and_ownership_pressure"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "recep-tayyip-erdogan",
      "leader_name": "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan",
      "issue_of_the_day": "Not stated in the sources reviewed.",
      "outcome": "sustained",
      "outcome_on": "2018-03-21",
      "outcome_note": "The sale closed and was not reported as reversed in the sources reviewed.",
      "stage": "silence",
      "ladder_note": "Turkiye's largest remaining independent newspaper and broadcast group was sold to a buyer with ties to the president, following two prior purchases that turned pro-government; United States pressure on owners has not produced a forced sale of this kind.",
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 163,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 163rd of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "2010s",
      "granularity": "granular",
      "status": "historical",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "Turkiye's largest independent media group, including the newspaper Hurriyet and the broadcaster CNN Turk, was sold to the Demiroren conglomerate, a buyer with ties to the governing party, for a reported 1.1 billion dollars.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2018-turkiye-dogan-sells-to-demiroren"
    },
    {
      "slug": "2017-cambodia-daily-closed-tax-bill",
      "title": "Cambodia's government forces the closure of The Cambodia Daily with a disputed multimillion-dollar tax bill",
      "occurred_on": "2017-09-04",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "KH",
      "country_name": "Cambodia",
      "continent": "asia",
      "jurisdiction": "KH",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "outlet_licensing",
      "tactics": [
        "funding_and_ownership_pressure",
        "outlet_licensing"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "hun-sen",
      "leader_name": "Hun Sen",
      "issue_of_the_day": "Preparations for Cambodia's 2018 general election and a wider government campaign against independent media and civil-society groups seen as sympathetic to the opposition.",
      "outcome": "sustained",
      "outcome_on": "2017-09-04",
      "outcome_note": "The Cambodia Daily did not reopen; its closure coincided with a wider campaign against independent outlets and civil-society groups ahead of Cambodia's 2018 election.",
      "stage": "silence",
      "ladder_note": null,
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 151,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 151st of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "2010s",
      "granularity": "anchor",
      "status": "historical",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "Cambodia's tax authority presented the independent, English-language Cambodia Daily with a $6.3 million bill the paper called arbitrary and undocumented, forcing the 24-year-old newspaper to close rather than pay, amid a wider campaign against independent media before 2018 elections.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2017-cambodia-daily-closed-tax-bill"
    },
    {
      "slug": "2016-turkey-post-coup-media-closures",
      "title": "Turkey closes more than 100 media outlets by decree after a failed coup attempt",
      "occurred_on": "2016-07-27",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "TR",
      "country_name": "Türkiye",
      "continent": "asia",
      "jurisdiction": "TR",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "outlet_licensing",
      "tactics": [
        "outlet_licensing"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "recep-tayyip-erdogan",
      "leader_name": "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan",
      "issue_of_the_day": "The failed July 15, 2016 coup attempt against President Erdogan's government and the mass arrests and dismissals that followed against alleged participants and sympathizers.",
      "outcome": "sustained",
      "outcome_on": "2016-12-31",
      "outcome_note": "Most closures were not reversed by the decrees themselves; Human Rights Watch documented that the closures reached opposition and Kurdish-audience outlets beyond any shown Gulen movement link.",
      "stage": "silence",
      "ladder_note": null,
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 163,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 163rd of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "2010s",
      "granularity": "anchor",
      "status": "historical",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "After a failed July 2016 coup attempt, Turkey's government closed more than 100 newspapers, television and radio stations, news agencies and publishing houses by state-of-emergency decree, citing alleged links to the movement it blamed for the coup.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2016-turkey-post-coup-media-closures"
    },
    {
      "slug": "2016-turkiye-zaman-trustees-installed",
      "title": "Turkiye: court installs trustees at Zaman newspaper",
      "occurred_on": "2016-03-04",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "TR",
      "country_name": "Türkiye",
      "continent": "asia",
      "jurisdiction": "TR",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "funding_and_ownership_pressure",
      "tactics": [
        "funding_and_ownership_pressure"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "recep-tayyip-erdogan",
      "leader_name": "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan",
      "issue_of_the_day": "Not stated in the sources reviewed.",
      "outcome": "sustained",
      "outcome_on": "2016-03-04",
      "outcome_note": "Editorial control was not restored to the original owners; the outlets were later shut down entirely under a separate July 2016 decree.",
      "stage": "silence",
      "ladder_note": "A court replaced a newspaper's board and editors with trustees days after a hearing without the company's lawyers present; United States funding pressure has not removed an outlet's management by court order.",
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 163,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 163rd of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "2010s",
      "granularity": "granular",
      "status": "historical",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "An Istanbul court put Turkiye's best-selling newspaper, Zaman, and its parent company under trustees after ruling it supported a group the government called a terrorist organization. Police used tear gas on a crowd that gathered in support.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2016-turkiye-zaman-trustees-installed"
    }
  ],
  "other_results": [],
  "downloads": {
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    "json": "https://thewaronnews.com/search.json?continent=asia&stage=silence&outcome=sustained",
    "md": "https://thewaronnews.com/search.md?continent=asia&stage=silence&outcome=sustained"
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  "license": {
    "name": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
  }
}