{
  "title": "Search in Asia, stage: punish, outcome unknown",
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    "continent": "asia",
    "stage": "punish",
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  "count": 4,
  "page": 1,
  "pages": 1,
  "per_page": 50,
  "counts_caveat": "The number of entries reflects the depth of this record, not the severity of a country's conduct.",
  "facets": {
    "country": [
      {
        "value": "IN",
        "label": "India",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 157,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 157th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "IR",
        "label": "Iran",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 177,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 177th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "SA",
        "label": "Saudi Arabia",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 176,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 176th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
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        "label": "Türkiye",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 163,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 163rd of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      }
    ],
    "continent": [
      {
        "value": "asia",
        "label": "Asia"
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    ],
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        "value": "detention_and_violence",
        "label": "Detention and violence",
        "count": 2
      },
      {
        "value": "expulsion_and_visa_denial",
        "label": "Expulsion and visa denial",
        "count": 2
      },
      {
        "value": "insult_and_defamation_laws",
        "label": "Insult and defamation laws",
        "count": 1
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      {
        "value": "surveillance_and_subpoenas",
        "label": "Surveillance and subpoenas",
        "count": 1
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      {
        "value": "shutdowns_and_blocking",
        "label": "Shutdowns and blocking",
        "count": 1
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        "label": "Punish",
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        "label": "National",
        "count": 4
      }
    ],
    "outcome": [
      {
        "value": "unknown",
        "label": "Unknown",
        "count": 4
      }
    ],
    "leader": [
      {
        "value": "mahmoud-ahmadinejad",
        "label": "Mahmoud Ahmadinejad"
      },
      {
        "value": "narendra-modi",
        "label": "Narendra Modi"
      },
      {
        "value": "recep-tayyip-erdogan",
        "label": "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan"
      },
      {
        "value": "king-salman",
        "label": "Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud"
      }
    ],
    "era": [
      {
        "value": "2020s",
        "label": "2020s",
        "count": 2
      },
      {
        "value": "2010s",
        "label": "2010s",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "2000s",
        "label": "2000s",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "year": [
      {
        "value": "2009",
        "label": "2009",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "2018",
        "label": "2018",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "2025",
        "label": "2025",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "2026",
        "label": "2026",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "has_case": [
      {
        "value": "0",
        "label": "without a court case",
        "count": 4
      }
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  },
  "results": [
    {
      "slug": "2026-india-journalist-sentenced-adani-defamation",
      "title": "India: one-year prison sentence for the journalist Ravi Nair in a criminal defamation case, February 2026",
      "occurred_on": "2026-02-10",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "IN",
      "country_name": "India",
      "continent": "asia",
      "jurisdiction": "IN",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "insult_and_defamation_laws",
      "tactics": [
        "detention_and_violence",
        "insult_and_defamation_laws"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "narendra-modi",
      "leader_name": "Narendra Modi",
      "issue_of_the_day": null,
      "outcome": "unknown",
      "outcome_on": "2026-02-10",
      "outcome_note": "Sentenced on 2026-02-10; no appeal or ruling on appeal appears in the sources cited.",
      "stage": "punish",
      "ladder_note": null,
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 157,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 157th of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "2020s",
      "granularity": "granular",
      "status": "in_effect",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "On February 10, 2026, a court in India sentenced the investigative journalist Ravi Nair to one year in prison and a fine of 5,000 rupees (about US$55) for criminal defamation, an offence under which a statement that damages someone's reputation can lead to a fine or prison sentence. The case concerned posts on the platform X between October 2020 and July 2021 and articles on Adani Watch, an Australian non-profit investigative site, that criticized the Adani Group, an Indian conglomerate. CIVICUS Monitor, which tracks civic freedoms by country, recorded the sentence among arrests, detentions and police summonses of Indian journalists in the same period.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2026-india-journalist-sentenced-adani-defamation"
    },
    {
      "slug": "2025-turkiye-detains-and-deports-journalists-covering-protests",
      "title": "Türkiye: detention, injury and deportation of journalists covering protests, March 2025",
      "occurred_on": "2025-03-19",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "TR",
      "country_name": "Türkiye",
      "continent": "asia",
      "jurisdiction": "TR",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "detention_and_violence",
      "tactics": [
        "detention_and_violence",
        "expulsion_and_visa_denial"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "recep-tayyip-erdogan",
      "leader_name": "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan",
      "issue_of_the_day": "The detention of the mayor of Istanbul, Ekrem İmamoğlu, on March 19, 2025, and the protests that followed.",
      "outcome": "unknown",
      "outcome_on": "2025-04-02",
      "outcome_note": "CPJ's report of 2025-04-02 describes the restrictions as continuing; the outcomes for individual journalists are not recorded.",
      "stage": "punish",
      "ladder_note": null,
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 163,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 163rd of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "2020s",
      "granularity": "granular",
      "status": "in_effect",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "After the detention of the mayor of Istanbul, Ekrem İmamoğlu, on March 19, 2025, protests spread in Türkiye, and between March 19 and March 28, 2025, the authorities detained at least 13 journalists, according to the Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ), a non-profit organization in New York. From March 21 to 23, 2025, at least 14 journalists were injured after being beaten or shot with rubber bullets by Istanbul police, and on March 27 police detained the BBC correspondent Mark Lowen and deported him. CPJ said on April 2, 2025 that the authorities \"have since arrested thousands of protesters and have moved aggressively to tamp down media coverage.\"",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2025-turkiye-detains-and-deports-journalists-covering-protests"
    },
    {
      "slug": "2018-saudi-arabia-pegasus-khashoggi-associate",
      "title": "Saudi Arabia: spyware on an associate's phone precedes Jamal Khashoggi's killing by one day",
      "occurred_on": "2018-10-01",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "SA",
      "country_name": "Saudi Arabia",
      "continent": "asia",
      "jurisdiction": "SA",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "surveillance_and_subpoenas",
      "tactics": [
        "surveillance_and_subpoenas"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "king-salman",
      "leader_name": "Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud",
      "issue_of_the_day": "Abdulaziz and Khashoggi had been collaborating on plans for a news and human rights website, and Khashoggi was, according to Abdulaziz, sharply critical of the Saudi crown prince in their private conversations.",
      "outcome": "unknown",
      "outcome_on": "2018-10-01",
      "outcome_note": "Citizen Lab's finding on the spyware operation itself was not followed, in the source reviewed, by any reported Saudi accountability measure.",
      "stage": "punish",
      "ladder_note": "A journalist's close collaborator was covertly surveilled one day before the journalist himself was killed inside his own country's consulate.",
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 176,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 176th of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "2010s",
      "granularity": "granular",
      "status": "in_effect",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "Citizen Lab found Pegasus spyware on the phone of Saudi dissident Omar Abdulaziz, a close associate and collaborator of journalist Jamal Khashoggi, one day before Saudi operatives killed Khashoggi inside the country's Istanbul consulate.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2018-saudi-arabia-pegasus-khashoggi-associate"
    },
    {
      "slug": "2009-iran-post-election-foreign-press-restrictions",
      "title": "Iran expels a BBC correspondent and restricts foreign journalists after a disputed 2009 election",
      "occurred_on": "2009-06-21",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "IR",
      "country_name": "Iran",
      "continent": "asia",
      "jurisdiction": "IR",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "expulsion_and_visa_denial",
      "tactics": [
        "expulsion_and_visa_denial",
        "shutdowns_and_blocking"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "mahmoud-ahmadinejad",
      "leader_name": "Mahmoud Ahmadinejad",
      "issue_of_the_day": "Iran's disputed June 12, 2009 presidential election and the mass protests that followed allegations the vote was rigged for incumbent Mahmoud Ahmadinejad.",
      "outcome": "unknown",
      "outcome_on": null,
      "outcome_note": "The sources reviewed do not establish when Iran lifted the specific 2009 restrictions on foreign correspondents covering the post-election protests.",
      "stage": "punish",
      "ladder_note": null,
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 177,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 177th of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "2000s",
      "granularity": "anchor",
      "status": "historical",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "After Iran's disputed June 2009 presidential election produced mass protests, the government expelled BBC correspondent Jon Leyne, revoked foreign press credentials, confined most foreign journalists to office-based reporting, and blocked access to numerous websites.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2009-iran-post-election-foreign-press-restrictions"
    }
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  "license": {
    "name": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
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}