{
  "title": "Search: access bans in North America, head of government Ron DeSantis",
  "canonical_url": "https://thewaronnews.com/search?continent=north-america&tactic=access_ban&leader=ron-desantis",
  "filters": {
    "continent": "north-america",
    "tactic": "access_ban",
    "leader": "ron-desantis"
  },
  "sort": "date",
  "count": 1,
  "page": 1,
  "pages": 1,
  "per_page": 50,
  "counts_caveat": "The number of entries reflects the depth of this record, not the severity of a country's conduct.",
  "facets": {
    "country": [
      {
        "value": "US",
        "label": "United States",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 64,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      }
    ],
    "continent": [
      {
        "value": "north-america",
        "label": "North America"
      }
    ],
    "tactic": [
      {
        "value": "access_ban",
        "label": "Access bans",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "stage": [
      {
        "value": "restrict",
        "label": "Restrict",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "level": [
      {
        "value": "state_or_province",
        "label": "State or province",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "outcome": [
      {
        "value": "sustained",
        "label": "Sustained",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "leader": [
      {
        "value": "ron-desantis",
        "label": "Ron DeSantis"
      }
    ],
    "era": [
      {
        "value": "2020s",
        "label": "2020s",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "year": [
      {
        "value": "2025",
        "label": "2025",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "has_case": [
      {
        "value": "0",
        "label": "without a court case",
        "count": 1
      }
    ]
  },
  "results": [
    {
      "slug": "2025-florida-halo-law-takes-effect",
      "title": "United States (Florida): Halo Law buffer zone around first responders, January 2025",
      "occurred_on": "2025-01-01",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "US",
      "country_name": "United States",
      "continent": "north-america",
      "jurisdiction": "US-FL",
      "level": "state_or_province",
      "tactic_primary": "access_ban",
      "tactics": [
        "access_ban"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "ron-desantis",
      "leader_name": "Ron DeSantis",
      "issue_of_the_day": null,
      "outcome": "sustained",
      "outcome_on": "2025-01-01",
      "outcome_note": "In effect from 2025-01-01; the sources cited report no court order blocking it (as of 2026-09-22).",
      "stage": "restrict",
      "ladder_note": null,
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 64,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "2020s",
      "granularity": "granular",
      "status": "in_effect",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "On January 1, 2025, the \"Halo Law\" took effect in Florida, a state in the south-eastern United States. It creates a 25-foot (7.6-metre) buffer zone around first responders, such as police officers, firefighters and paramedics, while they are performing their duties, and anyone who enters the zone \"to 'harass, impede or threaten' first responders after receiving a warning\" faces up to 60 days in prison and a fine of US$500. The law applies to journalists as well as the public. The governor of Florida, Ron DeSantis, signed it in 2024.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2025-florida-halo-law-takes-effect"
    }
  ],
  "other_results": [],
  "downloads": {
    "csv": "https://thewaronnews.com/search?continent=north-america&tactic=access_ban&leader=ron-desantis&format=csv",
    "json": "https://thewaronnews.com/search.json?continent=north-america&tactic=access_ban&leader=ron-desantis",
    "md": "https://thewaronnews.com/search.md?continent=north-america&tactic=access_ban&leader=ron-desantis"
  },
  "license": {
    "name": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
  }
}