{
  "title": "Search in North America, stage: eliminate, national level",
  "canonical_url": "https://thewaronnews.com/search?continent=north-america&stage=eliminate&level=national",
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    "continent": "north-america",
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  "per_page": 50,
  "counts_caveat": "The number of entries reflects the depth of this record, not the severity of a country's conduct.",
  "facets": {
    "country": [
      {
        "value": "GT",
        "label": "Guatemala",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 128,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 128th of 180",
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        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 107,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 107th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
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        "label": "Nicaragua",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 168,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 168th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
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        "value": "ongoing",
        "label": "Ongoing",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "sustained",
        "label": "Sustained",
        "count": 1
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      {
        "value": "reversed",
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        "value": "alejandro-giammattei",
        "label": "Alejandro Giammattei"
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        "value": "daniel-ortega",
        "label": "Daniel Ortega"
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        "label": "Jean-Claude Duvalier"
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        "label": "2020s",
        "count": 2
      },
      {
        "value": "1980s",
        "label": "1980s",
        "count": 1
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    ],
    "year": [
      {
        "value": "1980",
        "label": "1980",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "2023",
        "label": "2023",
        "count": 2
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      {
        "value": "0",
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    {
      "slug": "2023-guatemala-convicts-zamora-money-laundering",
      "title": "Guatemala convicts investigative journalist Jose Ruben Zamora on money-laundering charge",
      "occurred_on": "2023-06-14",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "GT",
      "country_name": "Guatemala",
      "continent": "north-america",
      "jurisdiction": "GT",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "detention_and_violence",
      "tactics": [
        "detention_and_violence"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "alejandro-giammattei",
      "leader_name": "Alejandro Giammattei",
      "issue_of_the_day": "El Periodico had published more than 120 investigations into government corruption since January 2020 before its forced closure in May 2023, shortly before Zamora's conviction.",
      "outcome": "ongoing",
      "outcome_on": null,
      "outcome_note": "Zamora's case continued through appeals and changing custody arrangements; he remained in the criminal justice system.",
      "stage": "eliminate",
      "ladder_note": null,
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 128,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 128th of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "2020s",
      "granularity": "granular",
      "status": "in_effect",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "A Guatemalan court convicted El Periodico founder Jose Ruben Zamora of money laundering and sentenced him to six years in prison, months after his newspaper, known for investigating government corruption, was forced to close; press-freedom groups said the case was connected to his investigative reporting rather than the financial charge alone.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2023-guatemala-convicts-zamora-money-laundering"
    },
    {
      "slug": "2023-nicaragua-strips-journalists-citizenship",
      "title": "Nicaragua strips 94 political opponents, including journalists, of citizenship",
      "occurred_on": "2023-02-15",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "NI",
      "country_name": "Nicaragua",
      "continent": "north-america",
      "jurisdiction": "NI",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "expulsion_and_visa_denial",
      "tactics": [
        "disinformation_labeling",
        "expulsion_and_visa_denial"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "daniel-ortega",
      "leader_name": "Daniel Ortega",
      "issue_of_the_day": "The rulings followed years of pressure on Nicaragua's independent press, including the earlier forced closure of the country's oldest newspaper, La Prensa, and came days after Ortega's government released 222 jailed dissidents to the United States and stripped their citizenship as well.",
      "outcome": "sustained",
      "outcome_on": null,
      "outcome_note": "Citizenship was not restored to those named; Ortega's government continued comparable actions against critics afterward.",
      "stage": "eliminate",
      "ladder_note": null,
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 168,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 168th of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "2020s",
      "granularity": "granular",
      "status": "in_effect",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "A Nicaraguan appeals court stripped 94 government opponents, including exiled journalists Carlos Fernando Chamorro and Alvaro Navarro, of their citizenship, days after President Daniel Ortega released 222 political prisoners to the United States and immediately declared them stateless too.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2023-nicaragua-strips-journalists-citizenship"
    },
    {
      "slug": "1981-haiti-duvalier-radio-haiti-inter-exile",
      "title": "Haiti's Duvalier government arrests and deports Radio Haiti-Inter staff, driving its director into exile",
      "occurred_on": "1980-11-28",
      "occurred_on_precision": "year",
      "country": "HT",
      "country_name": "Haiti",
      "continent": "north-america",
      "jurisdiction": "HT",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "expulsion_and_visa_denial",
      "tactics": [
        "detention_and_violence",
        "expulsion_and_visa_denial"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "jean-claude-duvalier",
      "leader_name": "Jean-Claude Duvalier",
      "issue_of_the_day": "Radio Haiti-Inter had built a reputation for independent reporting critical of the Duvalier government at a time when most Haitian media avoided such coverage, drawing sustained official friction toward the station.",
      "outcome": "reversed",
      "outcome_on": "1986-02-01",
      "outcome_note": "Jean Dominique returned to Haiti and to Radio Haiti-Inter in February 1986 after the fall of President-for-life Jean-Claude Duvalier's government.",
      "stage": "eliminate",
      "ladder_note": null,
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 107,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 107th of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "1980s",
      "granularity": "anchor",
      "status": "historical",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "Under President Jean-Claude Duvalier, Haitian authorities arrested and deported staff of Radio Haiti-Inter, an independent station that had reported critically on the government, forcing its director, journalist Jean Dominique, into exile after security forces raided the station on November 28, 1980. He returned only after Duvalier's government fell in 1986.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1981-haiti-duvalier-radio-haiti-inter-exile"
    }
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