{
  "title": "Search: credential control in North America, outcome reversed",
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  "filters": {
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    "tactic": "credential_control",
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  "count": 2,
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  "pages": 1,
  "per_page": 50,
  "counts_caveat": "The number of entries reflects the depth of this record, not the severity of a country's conduct.",
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    "country": [
      {
        "value": "US",
        "label": "United States",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 64,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
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    "continent": [
      {
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        "label": "North America"
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      {
        "value": "access_ban",
        "label": "Access bans",
        "count": 2
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      {
        "value": "credential_control",
        "label": "Credential control",
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        "count": 2
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    "outcome": [
      {
        "value": "reversed",
        "label": "Reversed",
        "count": 2
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    "leader": [
      {
        "value": "donald-trump",
        "label": "Donald Trump"
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    "era": [
      {
        "value": "2010s",
        "label": "2010s",
        "count": 2
      }
    ],
    "year": [
      {
        "value": "2018",
        "label": "2018",
        "count": 2
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        "label": "with a court case",
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  "results": [
    {
      "slug": "2018-us-cnn-acosta-credential-revoked",
      "title": "White House revokes CNN correspondent Jim Acosta's press credential after a news conference exchange with President Trump",
      "occurred_on": "2018-11-07",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "US",
      "country_name": "United States",
      "continent": "north-america",
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "credential_control",
      "tactics": [
        "access_ban",
        "credential_control"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "donald-trump",
      "leader_name": "Donald Trump",
      "issue_of_the_day": "President Trump's characterization of a migrant caravan approaching the United States border in the days before the November 2018 midterm election.",
      "outcome": "reversed",
      "outcome_on": "2018-11-19",
      "outcome_note": "A federal judge issued a temporary restraining order on November 16, 2018, and the White House permanently restored Acosta's credential three days later rather than continue the lawsuit.",
      "stage": "restrict",
      "ladder_note": null,
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 64,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "2010s",
      "granularity": "anchor",
      "status": "historical",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "After CNN's Jim Acosta questioned President Trump at a news conference and briefly kept hold of a microphone as an intern reached for it, the White House suspended his hard pass, the standing credential letting reporters enter the grounds; a federal judge ordered it restored a week later.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2018-us-cnn-acosta-credential-revoked"
    },
    {
      "slug": "2018-white-house-revokes-acosta-press-pass",
      "title": "United States: White House suspension of CNN correspondent Jim Acosta's hard pass, November 2018",
      "occurred_on": "2018-11-07",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "US",
      "country_name": "United States",
      "continent": "north-america",
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "credential_control",
      "tactics": [
        "access_ban",
        "credential_control"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "donald-trump",
      "leader_name": "Donald Trump",
      "issue_of_the_day": "An exchange between Acosta and Trump at a White House news conference on November 7, 2018, after the United States midterm elections.",
      "outcome": "reversed",
      "outcome_on": "2018-11-19",
      "outcome_note": "A temporary restraining order of 2018-11-16 required reinstatement; the White House restored the pass on 2018-11-19 and CNN dropped the suit.",
      "stage": "restrict",
      "ladder_note": null,
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 64,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "2010s",
      "granularity": "anchor",
      "status": "in_effect",
      "case_count": 2,
      "summary": "On November 7, 2018, the White House suspended the hard pass of CNN's White House correspondent, Jim Acosta, after what Gulf News called a \"heated confrontation\" between Acosta and the president of the United States, Donald Trump, at a news conference after the country's midterm elections. A hard pass is the standing credential that lets a reporter enter the White House press area without applying each day. On November 16, 2018, a federal judge granted CNN a temporary restraining order requiring the pass to be reinstated, and the White House restored it on November 19, 2018, after which CNN dropped its lawsuit.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2018-white-house-revokes-acosta-press-pass"
    }
  ],
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  "license": {
    "name": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
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}