{
  "title": "Search: official labels in North America",
  "canonical_url": "https://thewaronnews.com/search?continent=north-america&tactic=disinformation_labeling",
  "filters": {
    "continent": "north-america",
    "tactic": "disinformation_labeling"
  },
  "sort": "date",
  "count": 2,
  "page": 1,
  "pages": 1,
  "per_page": 50,
  "counts_caveat": "The number of entries reflects the depth of this record, not the severity of a country's conduct.",
  "facets": {
    "country": [
      {
        "value": "NI",
        "label": "Nicaragua",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 168,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 168th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "US",
        "label": "United States",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 64,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      }
    ],
    "continent": [
      {
        "value": "north-america",
        "label": "North America"
      }
    ],
    "tactic": [
      {
        "value": "disinformation_labeling",
        "label": "Official labels",
        "count": 2
      },
      {
        "value": "funding_and_ownership_pressure",
        "label": "Funding and ownership pressure",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "expulsion_and_visa_denial",
        "label": "Expulsion and visa denial",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "stage": [
      {
        "value": "pressure",
        "label": "Pressure",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "eliminate",
        "label": "Eliminate",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "level": [
      {
        "value": "national",
        "label": "National",
        "count": 2
      }
    ],
    "outcome": [
      {
        "value": "ongoing",
        "label": "Ongoing",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "sustained",
        "label": "Sustained",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "leader": [
      {
        "value": "daniel-ortega",
        "label": "Daniel Ortega"
      },
      {
        "value": "donald-trump",
        "label": "Donald Trump"
      }
    ],
    "era": [
      {
        "value": "2020s",
        "label": "2020s",
        "count": 2
      }
    ],
    "year": [
      {
        "value": "2023",
        "label": "2023",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "2025",
        "label": "2025",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "has_case": [
      {
        "value": "0",
        "label": "without a court case",
        "count": 2
      }
    ]
  },
  "results": [
    {
      "slug": "2025-fcc-carr-news-distortion-complaints-nbc-cbs",
      "title": "FCC chair reopens 'news distortion' complaints against CBS and NBC",
      "occurred_on": "2025-01-22",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "US",
      "country_name": "United States",
      "continent": "north-america",
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "funding_and_ownership_pressure",
      "tactics": [
        "disinformation_labeling",
        "funding_and_ownership_pressure"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "donald-trump",
      "leader_name": "Donald Trump",
      "issue_of_the_day": "The CBS complaint concerned 60 Minutes' October 2024 interview with then-Vice President Kamala Harris; the NBC complaint, filed in April 2025, concerned coverage of the wrongful deportation of Kilmar Abrego Garcia.",
      "outcome": "ongoing",
      "outcome_on": null,
      "outcome_note": "The complaints against CBS and NBC remained open, with no formal licensing action announced in the source reviewed.",
      "stage": "pressure",
      "ladder_note": null,
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 64,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "2020s",
      "granularity": "granular",
      "status": "in_effect",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "Federal Communications Commission Chair Brendan Carr reopened complaints alleging CBS and NBC distorted the news, demanding CBS turn over the full tape and transcript of a 60 Minutes interview and later accusing NBC's parent Comcast of misleading coverage of an immigration case.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2025-fcc-carr-news-distortion-complaints-nbc-cbs"
    },
    {
      "slug": "2023-nicaragua-strips-journalists-citizenship",
      "title": "Nicaragua strips 94 political opponents, including journalists, of citizenship",
      "occurred_on": "2023-02-15",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "NI",
      "country_name": "Nicaragua",
      "continent": "north-america",
      "jurisdiction": "NI",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "expulsion_and_visa_denial",
      "tactics": [
        "disinformation_labeling",
        "expulsion_and_visa_denial"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "daniel-ortega",
      "leader_name": "Daniel Ortega",
      "issue_of_the_day": "The rulings followed years of pressure on Nicaragua's independent press, including the earlier forced closure of the country's oldest newspaper, La Prensa, and came days after Ortega's government released 222 jailed dissidents to the United States and stripped their citizenship as well.",
      "outcome": "sustained",
      "outcome_on": null,
      "outcome_note": "Citizenship was not restored to those named; Ortega's government continued comparable actions against critics afterward.",
      "stage": "eliminate",
      "ladder_note": null,
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 168,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 168th of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "2020s",
      "granularity": "granular",
      "status": "in_effect",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "A Nicaraguan appeals court stripped 94 government opponents, including exiled journalists Carlos Fernando Chamorro and Alvaro Navarro, of their citizenship, days after President Daniel Ortega released 222 political prisoners to the United States and immediately declared them stateless too.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2023-nicaragua-strips-journalists-citizenship"
    }
  ],
  "other_results": [],
  "downloads": {
    "csv": "https://thewaronnews.com/search?continent=north-america&tactic=disinformation_labeling&format=csv",
    "json": "https://thewaronnews.com/search.json?continent=north-america&tactic=disinformation_labeling",
    "md": "https://thewaronnews.com/search.md?continent=north-america&tactic=disinformation_labeling"
  },
  "license": {
    "name": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
  }
}