{
  "title": "Search: prior restraint in South America",
  "canonical_url": "https://thewaronnews.com/search?continent=south-america&tactic=prior_restraint&view=cards",
  "filters": {
    "continent": "south-america",
    "tactic": "prior_restraint",
    "view": "cards"
  },
  "sort": "date",
  "count": 2,
  "page": 1,
  "pages": 1,
  "per_page": 50,
  "counts_caveat": "The number of entries reflects the depth of this record, not the severity of a country's conduct.",
  "facets": {
    "country": [
      {
        "value": "AR",
        "label": "Argentina",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 98,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 98th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "BR",
        "label": "Brazil",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 52,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 52nd of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      }
    ],
    "continent": [
      {
        "value": "south-america",
        "label": "South America"
      }
    ],
    "tactic": [
      {
        "value": "prior_restraint",
        "label": "Prior restraint",
        "count": 2
      },
      {
        "value": "detention_and_violence",
        "label": "Detention and violence",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "outlet_licensing",
        "label": "Licensing and closure of outlets",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "stage": [
      {
        "value": "silence",
        "label": "Silence",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "eliminate",
        "label": "Eliminate",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "level": [
      {
        "value": "national",
        "label": "National",
        "count": 2
      }
    ],
    "outcome": [
      {
        "value": "reversed",
        "label": "Reversed",
        "count": 2
      }
    ],
    "leader": [
      {
        "value": "getulio-vargas",
        "label": "Getúlio Vargas"
      },
      {
        "value": "jorge-videla",
        "label": "Jorge Rafael Videla"
      }
    ],
    "era": [
      {
        "value": "1970s",
        "label": "1970s",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "1930s",
        "label": "1930s",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "year": [
      {
        "value": "1939",
        "label": "1939",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "1976",
        "label": "1976",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "has_case": [
      {
        "value": "0",
        "label": "without a court case",
        "count": 2
      }
    ]
  },
  "results": [
    {
      "slug": "1976-argentina-junta-press-decrees",
      "title": "Argentina's military junta threatens journalists with prison for reporting on its opponents",
      "occurred_on": "1976-03-24",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "AR",
      "country_name": "Argentina",
      "continent": "south-america",
      "jurisdiction": "AR",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "detention_and_violence",
      "tactics": [
        "detention_and_violence",
        "prior_restraint"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "jorge-videla",
      "leader_name": "Jorge Rafael Videla",
      "issue_of_the_day": "Argentina's military had just overthrown the elected government and moved immediately to prevent reporting sympathetic to leftist groups it had outlawed or reporting it considered damaging to the armed forces' standing.",
      "outcome": "reversed",
      "outcome_on": "1983-12-10",
      "outcome_note": "Argentina returned to civilian, elected government under President Raúl Alfonsín in December 1983, ending the junta's press decrees.",
      "stage": "eliminate",
      "ladder_note": null,
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 98,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 98th of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "1970s",
      "granularity": "anchor",
      "status": "historical",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "Hours after seizing power on March 24, 1976, Argentina's military junta, led by General Jorge Videla, issued Communiqué No. 19, threatening up to 10 years in prison for reporting favorable to groups it called subversive. Hundreds of journalists were later detained, killed or forced into exile.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1976-argentina-junta-press-decrees"
    },
    {
      "slug": "1939-brazil-vargas-creates-dip",
      "title": "Brazil's Vargas government creates a state messaging department with broad press powers",
      "occurred_on": "1939-01-01",
      "occurred_on_precision": "year",
      "country": "BR",
      "country_name": "Brazil",
      "continent": "south-america",
      "jurisdiction": "BR",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "outlet_licensing",
      "tactics": [
        "outlet_licensing",
        "prior_restraint"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "getulio-vargas",
      "leader_name": "Getúlio Vargas",
      "issue_of_the_day": "Vargas had ruled by decree since 1937 under the Estado Novo and used the DIP to promote his government's program and nationalist agenda while suppressing coverage critical of his rule.",
      "outcome": "reversed",
      "outcome_on": "1945-01-01",
      "outcome_note": "The DIP was dissolved in 1945 when the military removed Vargas from power and the Estado Novo dictatorship ended.",
      "stage": "silence",
      "ladder_note": null,
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 52,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 52nd of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "1930s",
      "granularity": "anchor",
      "status": "historical",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "President Getúlio Vargas created the Department of Press and state messaging in 1939 during Brazil's Estado Novo dictatorship, giving the government direct control over what newspapers, radio and film could publish. The department operated as a central instrument of press controls for six years, until the Estado Novo ended in 1945.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1939-brazil-vargas-creates-dip"
    }
  ],
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  "license": {
    "name": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
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}