{
  "title": "Search in the United Kingdom, 1900 to 1949",
  "canonical_url": "https://thewaronnews.com/search?country=GB&from=1900&to=1949",
  "filters": {
    "country": "GB",
    "from": "1900",
    "to": "1949"
  },
  "sort": "date",
  "count": 2,
  "page": 1,
  "pages": 1,
  "per_page": 50,
  "counts_caveat": "The number of entries reflects the depth of this record, not the severity of a country's conduct.",
  "facets": {
    "country": [
      {
        "value": "GB",
        "label": "United Kingdom",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 18,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 18th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      }
    ],
    "continent": [
      {
        "value": "europe",
        "label": "Europe"
      }
    ],
    "tactic": [
      {
        "value": "funding_and_ownership_pressure",
        "label": "Funding and ownership pressure",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "shutdowns_and_blocking",
        "label": "Shutdowns and blocking",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "prior_restraint",
        "label": "Prior restraint",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "secrets_and_espionage_laws",
        "label": "Secrets and espionage laws",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "stage": [
      {
        "value": "pressure",
        "label": "Pressure",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "silence",
        "label": "Silence",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "level": [
      {
        "value": "national",
        "label": "National",
        "count": 2
      }
    ],
    "outcome": [
      {
        "value": "ongoing",
        "label": "Ongoing",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "sustained",
        "label": "Sustained",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "leader": [
      {
        "value": "herbert-asquith",
        "label": "Herbert Henry Asquith"
      },
      {
        "value": "stanley-baldwin",
        "label": "Stanley Baldwin"
      }
    ],
    "era": [
      {
        "value": "1920s",
        "label": "1920s",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "1910s",
        "label": "1910s",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "year": [
      {
        "value": "1914",
        "label": "1914",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "1926",
        "label": "1926",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "has_case": [
      {
        "value": "0",
        "label": "without a court case",
        "count": 2
      }
    ]
  },
  "results": [
    {
      "slug": "1926-uk-general-strike-newsprint-requisition",
      "title": "United Kingdom: Government requisitions newsprint and restricts rival newspapers during the 1926 General Strike",
      "occurred_on": "1926-05-01",
      "occurred_on_precision": "month",
      "country": "GB",
      "country_name": "United Kingdom",
      "continent": "europe",
      "jurisdiction": "GB",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "funding_and_ownership_pressure",
      "tactics": [
        "funding_and_ownership_pressure",
        "shutdowns_and_blocking"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "stanley-baldwin",
      "leader_name": "Stanley Baldwin",
      "issue_of_the_day": "Britain was in the midst of a general strike called by the Trades Union Congress in May 1926 in support of coal miners in a dispute with mine owners, during which most independent newspapers could not print normally.",
      "outcome": "ongoing",
      "outcome_on": "1926-05-10",
      "outcome_note": "As of the exchanges recorded in Parliament on May 10, 1926, the newsprint embargo on rival newspapers remained in place while the government's own paper continued publishing with requisitioned supplies.",
      "stage": "pressure",
      "ladder_note": null,
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 18,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 18th of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "1920s",
      "granularity": "anchor",
      "status": "historical",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "During the general strike called by the Trades Union Congress in May 1926, the British government requisitioned the country's available newsprint for its own newspaper, the British Gazette, and placed a provisional embargo on paper supplies to the Trades Union Congress's British Worker and many other newspapers. Chancellor of the Exchequer Winston Churchill defended the measures in the House of Commons as necessary to keep the government's own newspaper in production.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1926-uk-general-strike-newsprint-requisition"
    },
    {
      "slug": "1914-britain-press-bureau-controls-wartime-newspaper-coverage",
      "title": "Britain's Official Press Bureau controls newspaper coverage of the First World War",
      "occurred_on": "1914-08-27",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "GB",
      "country_name": "United Kingdom",
      "continent": "europe",
      "jurisdiction": "GB",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "prior_restraint",
      "tactics": [
        "prior_restraint",
        "secrets_and_espionage_laws"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "herbert-asquith",
      "leader_name": "Herbert Henry Asquith",
      "issue_of_the_day": "Britain had just entered the First World War, and the government sought to prevent newspapers from publishing information that might aid German forces or reveal the movements of British troops.",
      "outcome": "sustained",
      "outcome_on": "1914-11-12",
      "outcome_note": "The Press Bureau continued controlling war news months later, when members of Parliament again raised complaints in the House of Commons on November 12, 1914.",
      "stage": "silence",
      "ladder_note": null,
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 18,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 18th of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "1910s",
      "granularity": "anchor",
      "status": "historical",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "Weeks after Britain entered the First World War, Prime Minister Herbert Asquith told the House of Commons that the Official Press Bureau was the sole channel through which the Admiralty, the War Office and other departments released naval and military information to newspapers. Members of Parliament later complained in the Commons that the Bureau delayed and withheld war news from the public.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1914-britain-press-bureau-controls-wartime-newspaper-coverage"
    }
  ],
  "other_results": [],
  "downloads": {
    "csv": "https://thewaronnews.com/search?country=GB&from=1900&to=1949&format=csv",
    "json": "https://thewaronnews.com/search.json?country=GB&from=1900&to=1949",
    "md": "https://thewaronnews.com/search.md?country=GB&from=1900&to=1949"
  },
  "license": {
    "name": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
  }
}