{
  "title": "Search: funding and ownership pressure, 1900 to 1949",
  "canonical_url": "https://thewaronnews.com/search?tactic=funding_and_ownership_pressure&from=1900&to=1949",
  "filters": {
    "tactic": "funding_and_ownership_pressure",
    "from": "1900",
    "to": "1949"
  },
  "sort": "date",
  "count": 2,
  "page": 1,
  "pages": 1,
  "per_page": 50,
  "counts_caveat": "The number of entries reflects the depth of this record, not the severity of a country's conduct.",
  "facets": {
    "country": [
      {
        "value": "GB",
        "label": "United Kingdom",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 18,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 18th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "US",
        "label": "United States",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 64,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      }
    ],
    "continent": [
      {
        "value": "europe",
        "label": "Europe"
      },
      {
        "value": "north-america",
        "label": "North America"
      }
    ],
    "tactic": [
      {
        "value": "funding_and_ownership_pressure",
        "label": "Funding and ownership pressure",
        "count": 2
      },
      {
        "value": "shutdowns_and_blocking",
        "label": "Shutdowns and blocking",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "stage": [
      {
        "value": "pressure",
        "label": "Pressure",
        "count": 2
      }
    ],
    "level": [
      {
        "value": "state_or_province",
        "label": "State or province",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "national",
        "label": "National",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "outcome": [
      {
        "value": "reversed",
        "label": "Reversed",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "ongoing",
        "label": "Ongoing",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "leader": [
      {
        "value": "oscar-k-allen",
        "label": "Oscar K. Allen"
      },
      {
        "value": "stanley-baldwin",
        "label": "Stanley Baldwin"
      }
    ],
    "era": [
      {
        "value": "1930s",
        "label": "1930s",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "1920s",
        "label": "1920s",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "year": [
      {
        "value": "1926",
        "label": "1926",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "1934",
        "label": "1934",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "has_case": [
      {
        "value": "0",
        "label": "without a court case",
        "count": 2
      }
    ]
  },
  "results": [
    {
      "slug": "1934-us-louisiana-newspaper-tax-grosjean",
      "title": "United States: Louisiana taxes large newspapers' advertising revenue; the tax is struck down in Grosjean v. American Press Co.",
      "occurred_on": "1934-07-12",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "US",
      "country_name": "United States",
      "continent": "north-america",
      "jurisdiction": "US-LA",
      "level": "state_or_province",
      "tactic_primary": "funding_and_ownership_pressure",
      "tactics": [
        "funding_and_ownership_pressure"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "oscar-k-allen",
      "leader_name": "Oscar K. Allen",
      "issue_of_the_day": "The tax followed Senator Huey Long's rise to dominate Louisiana politics after his election to the United States Senate in 1932, and applied to the state's largest newspapers.",
      "outcome": "reversed",
      "outcome_on": "1936-02-10",
      "outcome_note": "The Supreme Court's ruling voided the tax and left Louisiana's large newspapers free of it.",
      "stage": "pressure",
      "ladder_note": null,
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 64,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "1930s",
      "granularity": "anchor",
      "status": "historical",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "Louisiana taxed the gross receipts that businesses earned from advertising in newspapers with circulations above 20,000 copies a week, a threshold that caught the state's largest papers. The Supreme Court of the United States ruled unanimously in 1936 that the tax operated as a restraint on advertising revenue and circulation, and struck it down.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1934-us-louisiana-newspaper-tax-grosjean"
    },
    {
      "slug": "1926-uk-general-strike-newsprint-requisition",
      "title": "United Kingdom: Government requisitions newsprint and restricts rival newspapers during the 1926 General Strike",
      "occurred_on": "1926-05-01",
      "occurred_on_precision": "month",
      "country": "GB",
      "country_name": "United Kingdom",
      "continent": "europe",
      "jurisdiction": "GB",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "funding_and_ownership_pressure",
      "tactics": [
        "funding_and_ownership_pressure",
        "shutdowns_and_blocking"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "stanley-baldwin",
      "leader_name": "Stanley Baldwin",
      "issue_of_the_day": "Britain was in the midst of a general strike called by the Trades Union Congress in May 1926 in support of coal miners in a dispute with mine owners, during which most independent newspapers could not print normally.",
      "outcome": "ongoing",
      "outcome_on": "1926-05-10",
      "outcome_note": "As of the exchanges recorded in Parliament on May 10, 1926, the newsprint embargo on rival newspapers remained in place while the government's own paper continued publishing with requisitioned supplies.",
      "stage": "pressure",
      "ladder_note": null,
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 18,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 18th of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "1920s",
      "granularity": "anchor",
      "status": "historical",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "During the general strike called by the Trades Union Congress in May 1926, the British government requisitioned the country's available newsprint for its own newspaper, the British Gazette, and placed a provisional embargo on paper supplies to the Trades Union Congress's British Worker and many other newspapers. Chancellor of the Exchequer Winston Churchill defended the measures in the House of Commons as necessary to keep the government's own newspaper in production.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1926-uk-general-strike-newsprint-requisition"
    }
  ],
  "other_results": [],
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  "license": {
    "name": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
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}