{
  "title": "Search: licensing and closure of outlets, stage: silence, from 2020",
  "canonical_url": "https://thewaronnews.com/search?tactic=outlet_licensing&stage=silence&from=2020",
  "filters": {
    "tactic": "outlet_licensing",
    "stage": "silence",
    "from": "2020"
  },
  "sort": "date",
  "count": 6,
  "page": 1,
  "pages": 1,
  "per_page": 50,
  "counts_caveat": "The number of entries reflects the depth of this record, not the severity of a country's conduct.",
  "facets": {
    "country": [
      {
        "value": "AR",
        "label": "Argentina",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 98,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 98th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "KH",
        "label": "Cambodia",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 151,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 151st of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "HK",
        "label": "Hong Kong",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 140,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 140th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "HU",
        "label": "Hungary",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 74,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 74th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "MM",
        "label": "Myanmar",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 166,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 166th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "RU",
        "label": "Russia",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 172,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 172nd of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      }
    ],
    "continent": [
      {
        "value": "asia",
        "label": "Asia"
      },
      {
        "value": "europe",
        "label": "Europe"
      },
      {
        "value": "south-america",
        "label": "South America"
      }
    ],
    "tactic": [
      {
        "value": "outlet_licensing",
        "label": "Licensing and closure of outlets",
        "count": 6
      },
      {
        "value": "funding_and_ownership_pressure",
        "label": "Funding and ownership pressure",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "detention_and_violence",
        "label": "Detention and violence",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "stage": [
      {
        "value": "silence",
        "label": "Silence",
        "count": 6
      }
    ],
    "level": [
      {
        "value": "national",
        "label": "National",
        "count": 6
      }
    ],
    "outcome": [
      {
        "value": "sustained",
        "label": "Sustained",
        "count": 5
      },
      {
        "value": "upheld",
        "label": "Upheld by a court",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "leader": [
      {
        "value": "carrie-lam",
        "label": "Carrie Lam"
      },
      {
        "value": "hun-sen",
        "label": "Hun Sen"
      },
      {
        "value": "javier-milei",
        "label": "Javier Milei"
      },
      {
        "value": "min-aung-hlaing",
        "label": "Min Aung Hlaing"
      },
      {
        "value": "viktor-orban",
        "label": "Viktor Orban"
      },
      {
        "value": "vladimir-putin",
        "label": "Vladimir Putin"
      }
    ],
    "era": [
      {
        "value": "2020s",
        "label": "2020s",
        "count": 6
      }
    ],
    "year": [
      {
        "value": "2021",
        "label": "2021",
        "count": 3
      },
      {
        "value": "2022",
        "label": "2022",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "2023",
        "label": "2023",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "2024",
        "label": "2024",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "has_case": [
      {
        "value": "0",
        "label": "without a court case",
        "count": 6
      }
    ]
  },
  "results": [
    {
      "slug": "2024-argentina-milei-closes-telam",
      "title": "Milei's government shuts down Argentina's state news agency Telam",
      "occurred_on": "2024-03-04",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "AR",
      "country_name": "Argentina",
      "continent": "south-america",
      "jurisdiction": "AR",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "funding_and_ownership_pressure",
      "tactics": [
        "funding_and_ownership_pressure",
        "outlet_licensing"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "javier-milei",
      "leader_name": "Javier Milei",
      "issue_of_the_day": "Milei had campaigned against what he called wasteful and politically one-sided state spending, and Telam, founded in 1945, had long been associated with the governments of the Kirchner political movement he defeated in the 2023 election.",
      "outcome": "sustained",
      "outcome_on": null,
      "outcome_note": "Telam's original newsroom remained closed; the agency was later reorganized as a smaller state communications operation.",
      "stage": "silence",
      "ladder_note": null,
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 98,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 98th of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "2020s",
      "granularity": "granular",
      "status": "in_effect",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "President Javier Milei's government fenced off and shut down Telam, Argentina's state-owned news agency, calling it a public-relations operation for the prior Kirchnerist governments; unions and journalist groups called the closure one of the most serious blows to press freedom in decades of Argentine democracy.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2024-argentina-milei-closes-telam"
    },
    {
      "slug": "2023-cambodia-shutters-voice-of-democracy",
      "title": "Cambodia: Prime Minister Hun Sen orders Voice of Democracy's license revoked over one article",
      "occurred_on": "2023-02-13",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "KH",
      "country_name": "Cambodia",
      "continent": "asia",
      "jurisdiction": "KH",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "outlet_licensing",
      "tactics": [
        "outlet_licensing"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "hun-sen",
      "leader_name": "Hun Sen",
      "issue_of_the_day": "The article, published February 8, 2023, reported that Hun Sen's son and eventual successor, Hun Manet, had overstepped his authority by signing a $100,000 earthquake aid agreement for Turkiye.",
      "outcome": "sustained",
      "outcome_on": "2023-02-13",
      "outcome_note": "The Ministry of Information revoked the license as Hun Sen ordered, with no reversal reported in the source reviewed.",
      "stage": "silence",
      "ladder_note": "The head of government personally ordered a national outlet's operating license revoked over one article, rejecting a published apology, rather than pursuing a defamation suit.",
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 151,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 151st of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "2020s",
      "granularity": "granular",
      "status": "in_effect",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "Prime Minister Hun Sen personally ordered the license of independent outlet Voice of Democracy revoked over an article about an earthquake-aid agreement signed by his son, rejecting the outlet's published apology.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2023-cambodia-shutters-voice-of-democracy"
    },
    {
      "slug": "2022-russia-suspends-novaya-gazeta-license",
      "title": "Russia: a Moscow court suspends Novaya Gazeta's print license",
      "occurred_on": "2022-09-05",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "RU",
      "country_name": "Russia",
      "continent": "europe",
      "jurisdiction": "RU",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "outlet_licensing",
      "tactics": [
        "outlet_licensing"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "vladimir-putin",
      "leader_name": "Vladimir Putin",
      "issue_of_the_day": "The suspension came about six months into Russia's invasion of Ukraine, during which several independent Russian outlets closed or moved abroad rather than operate under new wartime speech laws.",
      "outcome": "sustained",
      "outcome_on": "2022-09-05",
      "outcome_note": "The Basmanny District Court's suspension of the print license stood as of the ruling, with no reversal reported in the source reviewed.",
      "stage": "silence",
      "ladder_note": "A national court ended a Nobel-recognized newspaper's print license outright over a sixteen-year-old paperwork dispute, not a temporary suspension or fine.",
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 172,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 172nd of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "2020s",
      "granularity": "granular",
      "status": "in_effect",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "A Moscow court suspended the print license of Novaya Gazeta, whose editor Dmitry Muratov shared the 2021 Nobel Peace Prize, after the media regulator Roskomnadzor said the paper had not provided documents about a 2006 change of ownership.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2022-russia-suspends-novaya-gazeta-license"
    },
    {
      "slug": "2021-hong-kong-apple-daily-forced-closure",
      "title": "China (Hong Kong): Apple Daily closes after its assets are frozen under the national security law",
      "occurred_on": "2021-06-24",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "HK",
      "country_name": "Hong Kong",
      "continent": "asia",
      "jurisdiction": "HK",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "outlet_licensing",
      "tactics": [
        "outlet_licensing"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "carrie-lam",
      "leader_name": "Carrie Lam",
      "issue_of_the_day": "The closure followed Hong Kong's 2019 to 2020 pro-democracy protests and Beijing's imposition of a national security law on the territory in June 2020, which criminalized broadly defined acts of subversion and collusion with foreign forces.",
      "outcome": "sustained",
      "outcome_on": "2021-06-24",
      "outcome_note": "Apple Daily did not resume publication and its former executives faced additional charges as of the December 2021 report reviewed.",
      "stage": "silence",
      "ladder_note": "A newspaper's assets were frozen and its senior editors charged with offenses carrying up to life imprisonment, ending publication entirely rather than a licensing dispute or fine.",
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 140,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 140th of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "2020s",
      "granularity": "granular",
      "status": "in_effect",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "Apple Daily, Hong Kong's largest pro-democracy newspaper, printed its final edition after the government froze its parent company's assets and arrested its editors under the national security law imposed on the territory in 2020.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2021-hong-kong-apple-daily-forced-closure"
    },
    {
      "slug": "2021-myanmar-junta-revokes-media-licenses",
      "title": "Myanmar junta revokes five outlets' licenses and raids newsrooms after coup",
      "occurred_on": "2021-03-08",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "MM",
      "country_name": "Myanmar",
      "continent": "asia",
      "jurisdiction": "MM",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "outlet_licensing",
      "tactics": [
        "detention_and_violence",
        "outlet_licensing"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "min-aung-hlaing",
      "leader_name": "Min Aung Hlaing",
      "issue_of_the_day": "The outlets had been covering nationwide protests against the military's February 1, 2021 seizure of power from Myanmar's elected government, coverage the junta sought to stop by removing the outlets' legal authorization to operate.",
      "outcome": "sustained",
      "outcome_on": null,
      "outcome_note": "The five outlets' licenses were not restored; CPJ counted at least 32 journalists still imprisoned as of July 2021.",
      "stage": "silence",
      "ladder_note": null,
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 166,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 166th of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "2020s",
      "granularity": "granular",
      "status": "in_effect",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "Weeks after seizing power, Myanmar's military junta revoked the operating licenses of five independent media outlets covering protests against the coup and raided two of their newsrooms, seizing computers and files; journalists from the outlets were later arrested and charged under a broadened penal-code provision on spreading 'false news.'",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2021-myanmar-junta-revokes-media-licenses"
    },
    {
      "slug": "2021-hungary-klubradio-loses-broadcast-license",
      "title": "Hungary: Klubradio loses its terrestrial broadcast license over its tender application",
      "occurred_on": "2021-02-14",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "HU",
      "country_name": "Hungary",
      "continent": "europe",
      "jurisdiction": "HU",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "outlet_licensing",
      "tactics": [
        "outlet_licensing"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "viktor-orban",
      "leader_name": "Viktor Orban",
      "issue_of_the_day": "The decision affected one of the last Hungarian broadcasters to carry news and talk programming independent of the government of Prime Minister Viktor Orban.",
      "outcome": "upheld",
      "outcome_on": "2021-09-01",
      "outcome_note": "Hungary's Curia upheld the Media Council's denial of Klubradio's license renewal in September 2021.",
      "stage": "silence",
      "ladder_note": "A national broadcast regulator ended one of the country's last independent stations' terrestrial license over its paperwork, and the country's top court upheld the decision.",
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 74,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 74th of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "2020s",
      "granularity": "granular",
      "status": "in_effect",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "Hungary's Media Council ended Klubradio's decades-old terrestrial broadcast license, citing errors in its renewal application, after the station had built a following as one of the country's few remaining independent voices.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2021-hungary-klubradio-loses-broadcast-license"
    }
  ],
  "other_results": [],
  "downloads": {
    "csv": "https://thewaronnews.com/search?tactic=outlet_licensing&stage=silence&from=2020&format=csv",
    "json": "https://thewaronnews.com/search.json?tactic=outlet_licensing&stage=silence&from=2020",
    "md": "https://thewaronnews.com/search.md?tactic=outlet_licensing&stage=silence&from=2020"
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  "license": {
    "name": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
  }
}