{
  "title": "Search, national level",
  "canonical_url": "https://thewaronnews.com/search?level=national&page=5&view=cards",
  "filters": {
    "level": "national",
    "page": "5",
    "view": "cards"
  },
  "sort": "date",
  "count": 204,
  "page": 5,
  "pages": 5,
  "per_page": 50,
  "counts_caveat": "The number of entries reflects the depth of this record, not the severity of a country's conduct.",
  "facets": {
    "country": [
      {
        "value": "AR",
        "label": "Argentina",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 98,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 98th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "AU",
        "label": "Australia",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 33,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 33rd of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "AZ",
        "label": "Azerbaijan",
        "rsf": null
      },
      {
        "value": "BD",
        "label": "Bangladesh",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 152,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 152nd of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "BY",
        "label": "Belarus",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 165,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 165th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "BR",
        "label": "Brazil",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 52,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 52nd of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "KH",
        "label": "Cambodia",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 151,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 151st of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "CA",
        "label": "Canada",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 20,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 20th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "CL",
        "label": "Chile",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 70,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 70th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "CN",
        "label": "China",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 178,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 178th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "CU",
        "label": "Cuba",
        "rsf": null
      },
      {
        "value": "CZ",
        "label": "Czechia",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 11,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 11th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/country-czechia"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "EC",
        "label": "Ecuador",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 125,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 125th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "EG",
        "label": "Egypt",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 169,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 169th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "SV",
        "label": "El Salvador",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 143,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 143rd of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/country/el-salvador"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "ER",
        "label": "Eritrea",
        "rsf": null
      },
      {
        "value": "ET",
        "label": "Ethiopia",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 148,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 148th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "GE",
        "label": "Georgia",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 135,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 135th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "DE",
        "label": "Germany",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 14,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 14th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "GR",
        "label": "Greece",
        "rsf": null
      },
      {
        "value": "GT",
        "label": "Guatemala",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 128,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 128th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "HT",
        "label": "Haiti",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 107,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 107th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "HK",
        "label": "Hong Kong",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 140,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 140th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "HU",
        "label": "Hungary",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 74,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 74th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "IN",
        "label": "India",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 157,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 157th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "ID",
        "label": "Indonesia",
        "rsf": null
      },
      {
        "value": "IR",
        "label": "Iran",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 177,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 177th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "IL",
        "label": "Israel",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 116,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 116th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "JP",
        "label": "Japan",
        "rsf": null
      },
      {
        "value": "KZ",
        "label": "Kazakhstan",
        "rsf": null
      },
      {
        "value": "MY",
        "label": "Malaysia",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 95,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 95th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "MT",
        "label": "Malta",
        "rsf": null
      },
      {
        "value": "MX",
        "label": "Mexico",
        "rsf": null
      },
      {
        "value": "MA",
        "label": "Morocco",
        "rsf": null
      },
      {
        "value": "MM",
        "label": "Myanmar",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 166,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 166th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "NI",
        "label": "Nicaragua",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 168,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 168th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "NG",
        "label": "Nigeria",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 112,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 112th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "KP",
        "label": "North Korea",
        "rsf": null
      },
      {
        "value": "PK",
        "label": "Pakistan",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 153,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 153rd of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "PE",
        "label": "Peru",
        "rsf": null
      },
      {
        "value": "PH",
        "label": "Philippines",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 114,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 114th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "PL",
        "label": "Poland",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 27,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 27th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "PT",
        "label": "Portugal",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 10,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 10th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "RU",
        "label": "Russia",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 172,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 172nd of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "SA",
        "label": "Saudi Arabia",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 176,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 176th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "RS",
        "label": "Serbia",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 104,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 104th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "SK",
        "label": "Slovakia",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 37,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 37th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "ZA",
        "label": "South Africa",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 21,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 21st of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "KR",
        "label": "South Korea",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 47,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 47th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "ES",
        "label": "Spain",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 29,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 29th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "TZ",
        "label": "Tanzania",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 117,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 117th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "TH",
        "label": "Thailand",
        "rsf": null
      },
      {
        "value": "TN",
        "label": "Tunisia",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 137,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 137th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "TR",
        "label": "Türkiye",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 163,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 163rd of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "GB",
        "label": "United Kingdom",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 18,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 18th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "US",
        "label": "United States",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 64,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "VE",
        "label": "Venezuela",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 159,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 159th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "VN",
        "label": "Viet Nam",
        "rsf": null
      },
      {
        "value": "ZW",
        "label": "Zimbabwe",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 124,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 124th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      }
    ],
    "continent": [
      {
        "value": "africa",
        "label": "Africa"
      },
      {
        "value": "asia",
        "label": "Asia"
      },
      {
        "value": "europe",
        "label": "Europe"
      },
      {
        "value": "north-america",
        "label": "North America"
      },
      {
        "value": "south-america",
        "label": "South America"
      },
      {
        "value": "oceania",
        "label": "Oceania"
      }
    ],
    "tactic": [
      {
        "value": "detention_and_violence",
        "label": "Detention and violence",
        "count": 43
      },
      {
        "value": "outlet_licensing",
        "label": "Licensing and closure of outlets",
        "count": 35
      },
      {
        "value": "funding_and_ownership_pressure",
        "label": "Funding and ownership pressure",
        "count": 32
      },
      {
        "value": "prior_restraint",
        "label": "Prior restraint",
        "count": 31
      },
      {
        "value": "secrets_and_espionage_laws",
        "label": "Secrets and espionage laws",
        "count": 26
      },
      {
        "value": "surveillance_and_subpoenas",
        "label": "Surveillance and subpoenas",
        "count": 24
      },
      {
        "value": "access_ban",
        "label": "Access bans",
        "count": 23
      },
      {
        "value": "shutdowns_and_blocking",
        "label": "Shutdowns and blocking",
        "count": 21
      },
      {
        "value": "insult_and_defamation_laws",
        "label": "Insult and defamation laws",
        "count": 16
      },
      {
        "value": "expulsion_and_visa_denial",
        "label": "Expulsion and visa denial",
        "count": 15
      },
      {
        "value": "credential_control",
        "label": "Credential control",
        "count": 13
      },
      {
        "value": "disinformation_labeling",
        "label": "Official labels",
        "count": 13
      },
      {
        "value": "lawsuits_against_press",
        "label": "Lawsuits against the press",
        "count": 12
      }
    ],
    "stage": [
      {
        "value": "restrict",
        "label": "Restrict",
        "count": 16
      },
      {
        "value": "pressure",
        "label": "Pressure",
        "count": 46
      },
      {
        "value": "punish",
        "label": "Punish",
        "count": 63
      },
      {
        "value": "silence",
        "label": "Silence",
        "count": 58
      },
      {
        "value": "eliminate",
        "label": "Eliminate",
        "count": 21
      }
    ],
    "level": [
      {
        "value": "national",
        "label": "National",
        "count": 204
      }
    ],
    "outcome": [
      {
        "value": "sustained",
        "label": "Sustained",
        "count": 75
      },
      {
        "value": "reversed",
        "label": "Reversed",
        "count": 50
      },
      {
        "value": "ongoing",
        "label": "Ongoing",
        "count": 37
      },
      {
        "value": "unknown",
        "label": "Unknown",
        "count": 26
      },
      {
        "value": "upheld",
        "label": "Upheld by a court",
        "count": 16
      }
    ],
    "leader": [
      {
        "value": "abdel-fattah-el-sisi",
        "label": "Abdel Fattah el-Sisi"
      },
      {
        "value": "abiy-ahmed",
        "label": "Abiy Ahmed"
      },
      {
        "value": "adly-mansour",
        "label": "Adly Mansour"
      },
      {
        "value": "adolf-hitler",
        "label": "Adolf Hitler"
      },
      {
        "value": "alberto-fujimori",
        "label": "Alberto Fujimori"
      },
      {
        "value": "alejandro-giammattei",
        "label": "Alejandro Giammattei"
      },
      {
        "value": "aleksandar-vucic",
        "label": "Aleksandar Vucic"
      },
      {
        "value": "alexander-dubcek",
        "label": "Alexander Dubček"
      },
      {
        "value": "alexander-lukashenko",
        "label": "Alexander Lukashenko"
      },
      {
        "value": "andries-de-graeff",
        "label": "Andries Cornelis Dirk de Graeff"
      },
      {
        "value": "antonio-salazar",
        "label": "António de Oliveira Salazar"
      },
      {
        "value": "artur-costa-e-silva",
        "label": "Artur da Costa e Silva"
      },
      {
        "value": "augusto-pinochet",
        "label": "Augusto Pinochet"
      },
      {
        "value": "aung-san-suu-kyi",
        "label": "Aung San Suu Kyi"
      },
      {
        "value": "john-vorster",
        "label": "Balthazar Johannes Vorster"
      },
      {
        "value": "barack-obama",
        "label": "Barack Obama"
      },
      {
        "value": "beata-szydlo",
        "label": "Beata Szydlo"
      },
      {
        "value": "benjamin-netanyahu",
        "label": "Benjamin Netanyahu"
      },
      {
        "value": "carrie-lam",
        "label": "Carrie Lam"
      },
      {
        "value": "chun-doo-hwan",
        "label": "Chun Doo-hwan"
      },
      {
        "value": "daniel-francois-malan",
        "label": "Daniel François Malan"
      },
      {
        "value": "daniel-ortega",
        "label": "Daniel Ortega"
      },
      {
        "value": "david-ben-gurion",
        "label": "David Ben-Gurion"
      },
      {
        "value": "david-cameron",
        "label": "David Cameron"
      },
      {
        "value": "donald-trump",
        "label": "Donald Trump"
      },
      {
        "value": "dwight-d-eisenhower",
        "label": "Dwight D. Eisenhower"
      },
      {
        "value": "ebrahim-raisi",
        "label": "Ebrahim Raisi"
      },
      {
        "value": "edward-heath",
        "label": "Edward Heath"
      },
      {
        "value": "emmerson-mnangagwa",
        "label": "Emmerson Mnangagwa"
      },
      {
        "value": "enrique-pena-nieto",
        "label": "Enrique Pena Nieto"
      },
      {
        "value": "ferdinand-marcos",
        "label": "Ferdinand Marcos"
      },
      {
        "value": "fidel-castro",
        "label": "Fidel Castro"
      },
      {
        "value": "francisco-franco",
        "label": "Francisco Franco"
      },
      {
        "value": "franklin-d-roosevelt",
        "label": "Franklin D. Roosevelt"
      },
      {
        "value": "fumimaro-konoe",
        "label": "Fumimaro Konoe"
      },
      {
        "value": "gamal-abdel-nasser",
        "label": "Gamal Abdel Nasser"
      },
      {
        "value": "george-hw-bush",
        "label": "George H. W. Bush"
      },
      {
        "value": "george-w-bush",
        "label": "George W. Bush"
      },
      {
        "value": "georgios-tsolakoglou",
        "label": "Georgios Tsolakoglou"
      },
      {
        "value": "getulio-vargas",
        "label": "Getúlio Vargas"
      },
      {
        "value": "hassan-rouhani",
        "label": "Hassan Rouhani"
      },
      {
        "value": "herbert-asquith",
        "label": "Herbert Henry Asquith"
      },
      {
        "value": "hugo-chavez",
        "label": "Hugo Chavez"
      },
      {
        "value": "hun-sen",
        "label": "Hun Sen"
      },
      {
        "value": "ilham-aliyev",
        "label": "Ilham Aliyev"
      },
      {
        "value": "indira-gandhi",
        "label": "Indira Gandhi"
      },
      {
        "value": "irakli-kobakhidze",
        "label": "Irakli Kobakhidze"
      },
      {
        "value": "isaias-afwerki",
        "label": "Isaias Afwerki"
      },
      {
        "value": "javier-milei",
        "label": "Javier Milei"
      },
      {
        "value": "jean-claude-duvalier",
        "label": "Jean-Claude Duvalier"
      },
      {
        "value": "joe-biden",
        "label": "Joe Biden"
      },
      {
        "value": "john-curtin",
        "label": "John Curtin"
      },
      {
        "value": "john-lee",
        "label": "John Lee"
      },
      {
        "value": "john-magufuli",
        "label": "John Magufuli"
      },
      {
        "value": "jorge-videla",
        "label": "Jorge Rafael Videla"
      },
      {
        "value": "joseph-muscat",
        "label": "Joseph Muscat"
      },
      {
        "value": "juan-peron",
        "label": "Juan Perón"
      },
      {
        "value": "kais-saied",
        "label": "Kais Saied"
      },
      {
        "value": "kassym-jomart-tokayev",
        "label": "Kassym-Jomart Tokayev"
      },
      {
        "value": "kim-jong-il",
        "label": "Kim Jong Il"
      },
      {
        "value": "konrad-adenauer",
        "label": "Konrad Adenauer"
      },
      {
        "value": "li-peng",
        "label": "Li Peng"
      },
      {
        "value": "mahathir-mohamad",
        "label": "Mahathir Mohamad"
      },
      {
        "value": "mahmoud-ahmadinejad",
        "label": "Mahmoud Ahmadinejad"
      },
      {
        "value": "margaret-thatcher",
        "label": "Margaret Thatcher"
      },
      {
        "value": "mateusz-morawiecki",
        "label": "Mateusz Morawiecki"
      },
      {
        "value": "mehmed-v",
        "label": "Mehmed V"
      },
      {
        "value": "mikhail-gorbachev",
        "label": "Mikhail Gorbachev"
      },
      {
        "value": "min-aung-hlaing",
        "label": "Min Aung Hlaing"
      },
      {
        "value": "muhammad-yunus",
        "label": "Muhammad Yunus"
      },
      {
        "value": "narendra-modi",
        "label": "Narendra Modi"
      },
      {
        "value": "nayib-bukele",
        "label": "Nayib Bukele"
      },
      {
        "value": "nguyen-tan-dung",
        "label": "Nguyen Tan Dung"
      },
      {
        "value": "nguyen-xuan-phuc",
        "label": "Nguyen Xuan Phuc"
      },
      {
        "value": "nicolas-maduro",
        "label": "Nicolas Maduro"
      },
      {
        "value": "p-w-botha",
        "label": "P. W. Botha"
      },
      {
        "value": "rafael-correa",
        "label": "Rafael Correa"
      },
      {
        "value": "recep-tayyip-erdogan",
        "label": "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan"
      },
      {
        "value": "richard-nixon",
        "label": "Richard Nixon"
      },
      {
        "value": "robert-fico",
        "label": "Robert Fico"
      },
      {
        "value": "robert-mugabe",
        "label": "Robert Mugabe"
      },
      {
        "value": "rodrigo-duterte",
        "label": "Rodrigo Duterte"
      },
      {
        "value": "ronald-reagan",
        "label": "Ronald Reagan"
      },
      {
        "value": "saadeddine-othmani",
        "label": "Saadeddine Othmani"
      },
      {
        "value": "king-salman",
        "label": "Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud"
      },
      {
        "value": "samia-suluhu-hassan",
        "label": "Samia Suluhu Hassan"
      },
      {
        "value": "sani-abacha",
        "label": "Sani Abacha"
      },
      {
        "value": "saw-maung",
        "label": "Saw Maung"
      },
      {
        "value": "scott-morrison",
        "label": "Scott Morrison"
      },
      {
        "value": "shehbaz-sharif",
        "label": "Shehbaz Sharif"
      },
      {
        "value": "slobodan-milosevic",
        "label": "Slobodan Milosevic"
      },
      {
        "value": "stanley-baldwin",
        "label": "Stanley Baldwin"
      },
      {
        "value": "theodore-roosevelt",
        "label": "Theodore Roosevelt"
      },
      {
        "value": "viktor-orban",
        "label": "Viktor Orban"
      },
      {
        "value": "vladimir-lenin",
        "label": "Vladimir Lenin"
      },
      {
        "value": "vladimir-putin",
        "label": "Vladimir Putin"
      },
      {
        "value": "william-howard-taft",
        "label": "William Howard Taft"
      },
      {
        "value": "william-lyon-mackenzie-king",
        "label": "William Lyon Mackenzie King"
      },
      {
        "value": "wojciech-jaruzelski",
        "label": "Wojciech Jaruzelski"
      },
      {
        "value": "woodrow-wilson",
        "label": "Woodrow Wilson"
      },
      {
        "value": "xi-jinping",
        "label": "Xi Jinping"
      },
      {
        "value": "yingluck-shinawatra",
        "label": "Yingluck Shinawatra"
      }
    ],
    "era": [
      {
        "value": "2020s",
        "label": "2020s",
        "count": 90
      },
      {
        "value": "2010s",
        "label": "2010s",
        "count": 42
      },
      {
        "value": "1980s",
        "label": "1980s",
        "count": 12
      },
      {
        "value": "2000s",
        "label": "2000s",
        "count": 11
      },
      {
        "value": "1970s",
        "label": "1970s",
        "count": 9
      },
      {
        "value": "1990s",
        "label": "1990s",
        "count": 7
      },
      {
        "value": "1930s",
        "label": "1930s",
        "count": 7
      },
      {
        "value": "1910s",
        "label": "1910s",
        "count": 6
      },
      {
        "value": "1960s",
        "label": "1960s",
        "count": 5
      },
      {
        "value": "1950s",
        "label": "1950s",
        "count": 5
      },
      {
        "value": "1940s",
        "label": "1940s",
        "count": 5
      },
      {
        "value": "1920s",
        "label": "1920s",
        "count": 3
      },
      {
        "value": "1900s",
        "label": "1900s",
        "count": 2
      }
    ],
    "year": [
      {
        "value": "1901",
        "label": "1901",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "1909",
        "label": "1909",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "1913",
        "label": "1913",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "1914",
        "label": "1914",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "1917",
        "label": "1917",
        "count": 3
      },
      {
        "value": "1918",
        "label": "1918",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "1922",
        "label": "1922",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "1926",
        "label": "1926",
        "count": 2
      },
      {
        "value": "1933",
        "label": "1933",
        "count": 3
      },
      {
        "value": "1937",
        "label": "1937",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "1938",
        "label": "1938",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "1939",
        "label": "1939",
        "count": 2
      },
      {
        "value": "1941",
        "label": "1941",
        "count": 2
      },
      {
        "value": "1942",
        "label": "1942",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "1944",
        "label": "1944",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "1948",
        "label": "1948",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "1950",
        "label": "1950",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "1951",
        "label": "1951",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "1953",
        "label": "1953",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "1955",
        "label": "1955",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "1959",
        "label": "1959",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "1960",
        "label": "1960",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "1962",
        "label": "1962",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "1968",
        "label": "1968",
        "count": 2
      },
      {
        "value": "1969",
        "label": "1969",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "1971",
        "label": "1971",
        "count": 3
      },
      {
        "value": "1972",
        "label": "1972",
        "count": 2
      },
      {
        "value": "1973",
        "label": "1973",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "1975",
        "label": "1975",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "1976",
        "label": "1976",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "1977",
        "label": "1977",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "1980",
        "label": "1980",
        "count": 2
      },
      {
        "value": "1981",
        "label": "1981",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "1983",
        "label": "1983",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "1985",
        "label": "1985",
        "count": 2
      },
      {
        "value": "1986",
        "label": "1986",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "1987",
        "label": "1987",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "1988",
        "label": "1988",
        "count": 2
      },
      {
        "value": "1989",
        "label": "1989",
        "count": 2
      },
      {
        "value": "1990",
        "label": "1990",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "1991",
        "label": "1991",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "1995",
        "label": "1995",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "1997",
        "label": "1997",
        "count": 2
      },
      {
        "value": "1998",
        "label": "1998",
        "count": 2
      },
      {
        "value": "2001",
        "label": "2001",
        "count": 2
      },
      {
        "value": "2002",
        "label": "2002",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "2003",
        "label": "2003",
        "count": 2
      },
      {
        "value": "2005",
        "label": "2005",
        "count": 2
      },
      {
        "value": "2006",
        "label": "2006",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "2007",
        "label": "2007",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "2009",
        "label": "2009",
        "count": 2
      },
      {
        "value": "2010",
        "label": "2010",
        "count": 3
      },
      {
        "value": "2013",
        "label": "2013",
        "count": 9
      },
      {
        "value": "2014",
        "label": "2014",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "2015",
        "label": "2015",
        "count": 2
      },
      {
        "value": "2016",
        "label": "2016",
        "count": 2
      },
      {
        "value": "2017",
        "label": "2017",
        "count": 4
      },
      {
        "value": "2018",
        "label": "2018",
        "count": 12
      },
      {
        "value": "2019",
        "label": "2019",
        "count": 9
      },
      {
        "value": "2020",
        "label": "2020",
        "count": 12
      },
      {
        "value": "2021",
        "label": "2021",
        "count": 12
      },
      {
        "value": "2022",
        "label": "2022",
        "count": 10
      },
      {
        "value": "2023",
        "label": "2023",
        "count": 13
      },
      {
        "value": "2024",
        "label": "2024",
        "count": 10
      },
      {
        "value": "2025",
        "label": "2025",
        "count": 25
      },
      {
        "value": "2026",
        "label": "2026",
        "count": 8
      }
    ],
    "has_case": [
      {
        "value": "0",
        "label": "without a court case",
        "count": 201
      },
      {
        "value": "1",
        "label": "with a court case",
        "count": 3
      }
    ]
  },
  "results": [
    {
      "slug": "1914-britain-press-bureau-controls-wartime-newspaper-coverage",
      "title": "Britain's Official Press Bureau controls newspaper coverage of the First World War",
      "occurred_on": "1914-08-27",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "GB",
      "country_name": "United Kingdom",
      "continent": "europe",
      "jurisdiction": "GB",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "prior_restraint",
      "tactics": [
        "prior_restraint",
        "secrets_and_espionage_laws"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "herbert-asquith",
      "leader_name": "Herbert Henry Asquith",
      "issue_of_the_day": "Britain had just entered the First World War, and the government sought to prevent newspapers from publishing information that might aid German forces or reveal the movements of British troops.",
      "outcome": "sustained",
      "outcome_on": "1914-11-12",
      "outcome_note": "The Press Bureau continued controlling war news months later, when members of Parliament again raised complaints in the House of Commons on November 12, 1914.",
      "stage": "silence",
      "ladder_note": null,
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 18,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 18th of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "1910s",
      "granularity": "anchor",
      "status": "historical",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "Weeks after Britain entered the First World War, Prime Minister Herbert Asquith told the House of Commons that the Official Press Bureau was the sole channel through which the Admiralty, the War Office and other departments released naval and military information to newspapers. Members of Parliament later complained in the Commons that the Bureau delayed and withheld war news from the public.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1914-britain-press-bureau-controls-wartime-newspaper-coverage"
    },
    {
      "slug": "1913-ottoman-empire-press-law-bars-officials-from-editing-newspapers",
      "title": "Ottoman Empire bars lawmakers and officials from editing newspapers and jails a leading editor",
      "occurred_on": "1913-03-09",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "TR",
      "country_name": "Türkiye",
      "continent": "asia",
      "jurisdiction": "TR",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "outlet_licensing",
      "tactics": [
        "detention_and_violence",
        "outlet_licensing"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "mehmed-v",
      "leader_name": "Mehmed V",
      "issue_of_the_day": "The Committee of Union and Progress had just retaken control of the Ottoman government in a coup in January 1913, after a period in which opposition newspapers had used loopholes in the 1909 press law to keep publishing despite suspension orders.",
      "outcome": "sustained",
      "outcome_on": "1913-03-09",
      "outcome_note": "The March 1913 amendment and its retroactive ban on lawmakers and officials editing newspapers remained the law under the Committee of Union and Progress government.",
      "stage": "silence",
      "ladder_note": null,
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 163,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 163rd of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "1910s",
      "granularity": "anchor",
      "status": "historical",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "In March 1913 the Ottoman government amended its 1909 press law, barring members of parliament and state officials from serving as newspaper editors and applying the ban retroactively to every periodical already in print. The revision followed the martial court prosecution of Tanin editor Huseyin Cahid, who was jailed for continuing to publish after a protest suspension in 1912.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1913-ottoman-empire-press-law-bars-officials-from-editing-newspapers"
    },
    {
      "slug": "1909-us-panama-canal-libel-prosecutions",
      "title": "United States: President Theodore Roosevelt seeks criminal libel indictments against the New York World and the Indianapolis News over Panama Canal reporting",
      "occurred_on": "1909-03-04",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "US",
      "country_name": "United States",
      "continent": "north-america",
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "insult_and_defamation_laws",
      "tactics": [
        "insult_and_defamation_laws",
        "lawsuits_against_press"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "theodore-roosevelt",
      "leader_name": "Theodore Roosevelt",
      "issue_of_the_day": "The New York World and the Indianapolis News had published reports on who had profited from the United States' purchase of the Panama Canal, reports that Roosevelt disputed as libelous.",
      "outcome": "reversed",
      "outcome_on": "1911-01-03",
      "outcome_note": "The Supreme Court's 1911 ruling that no federal criminal libel law existed for offenses on federal enclaves left the World and the News without convictions and was later described as an early safeguard for the freedom of the press.",
      "stage": "punish",
      "ladder_note": null,
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 64,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "1900s",
      "granularity": "anchor",
      "status": "historical",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "President Theodore Roosevelt sought federal criminal libel indictments against the publishers of the New York World and the Indianapolis News after they reported that he and other officials had profited from the United States' purchase of the Panama Canal. Federal courts in New York and Indiana dismissed the indictments, and the Supreme Court upheld that result in 1911.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1909-us-panama-canal-libel-prosecutions"
    },
    {
      "slug": "1901-philippines-us-colonial-libel-act-el-renacimiento",
      "title": "Philippines: United States colonial government's libel law is used to close the newspaper El Renacimiento",
      "occurred_on": "1901-01-01",
      "occurred_on_precision": "year",
      "country": "PH",
      "country_name": "Philippines",
      "continent": "asia",
      "jurisdiction": "PH",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "insult_and_defamation_laws",
      "tactics": [
        "insult_and_defamation_laws",
        "lawsuits_against_press"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "william-howard-taft",
      "leader_name": "William Howard Taft",
      "issue_of_the_day": "El Renacimiento was a newspaper that supported Philippine independence during United States colonial rule, and its 1908 editorial criticizing unnamed colonial officials as birds of prey drew a libel suit from Secretary of the Interior Dean C. Worcester.",
      "outcome": "upheld",
      "outcome_on": "1914-01-01",
      "outcome_note": "Kalaw and Ocampo's convictions were affirmed on appeal, and Governor-General Francis Burton Harrison pardoned Ocampo in 1914, after the fine had already forced the paper to close.",
      "stage": "punish",
      "ladder_note": null,
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 114,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 114th of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "1900s",
      "granularity": "anchor",
      "status": "historical",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "The United States colonial government in the Philippines enacted a criminal libel law in 1901 that Governor-General William Howard Taft defended by saying Filipinos were unused to the freedom of the press. The law was used in 1908 to convict the editors and publisher of the pro-independence newspaper El Renacimiento over an editorial criticizing colonial officials, and the resulting fine forced the paper to close.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1901-philippines-us-colonial-libel-act-el-renacimiento"
    }
  ],
  "other_results": [],
  "downloads": {
    "csv": "https://thewaronnews.com/search?level=national&page=5&view=cards&format=csv",
    "json": "https://thewaronnews.com/search.json?level=national&page=5&view=cards",
    "md": "https://thewaronnews.com/search.md?level=national&page=5&view=cards"
  },
  "license": {
    "name": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
  }
}