{
  "title": "Search: funding and ownership pressure, outcome reversed",
  "canonical_url": "https://thewaronnews.com/search?tactic=funding_and_ownership_pressure&outcome=reversed&view=cards",
  "filters": {
    "tactic": "funding_and_ownership_pressure",
    "outcome": "reversed",
    "view": "cards"
  },
  "sort": "date",
  "count": 5,
  "page": 1,
  "pages": 1,
  "per_page": 50,
  "counts_caveat": "The number of entries reflects the depth of this record, not the severity of a country's conduct.",
  "facets": {
    "country": [
      {
        "value": "EC",
        "label": "Ecuador",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 125,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 125th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "HU",
        "label": "Hungary",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 74,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 74th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "RS",
        "label": "Serbia",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 104,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 104th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      },
      {
        "value": "US",
        "label": "United States",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 64,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      }
    ],
    "continent": [
      {
        "value": "europe",
        "label": "Europe"
      },
      {
        "value": "north-america",
        "label": "North America"
      },
      {
        "value": "south-america",
        "label": "South America"
      }
    ],
    "tactic": [
      {
        "value": "funding_and_ownership_pressure",
        "label": "Funding and ownership pressure",
        "count": 5
      },
      {
        "value": "insult_and_defamation_laws",
        "label": "Insult and defamation laws",
        "count": 2
      },
      {
        "value": "outlet_licensing",
        "label": "Licensing and closure of outlets",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "disinformation_labeling",
        "label": "Official labels",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "surveillance_and_subpoenas",
        "label": "Surveillance and subpoenas",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "stage": [
      {
        "value": "pressure",
        "label": "Pressure",
        "count": 4
      },
      {
        "value": "punish",
        "label": "Punish",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "level": [
      {
        "value": "national",
        "label": "National",
        "count": 5
      }
    ],
    "outcome": [
      {
        "value": "reversed",
        "label": "Reversed",
        "count": 5
      }
    ],
    "leader": [
      {
        "value": "donald-trump",
        "label": "Donald Trump"
      },
      {
        "value": "rafael-correa",
        "label": "Rafael Correa"
      },
      {
        "value": "richard-nixon",
        "label": "Richard Nixon"
      },
      {
        "value": "slobodan-milosevic",
        "label": "Slobodan Milosevic"
      },
      {
        "value": "viktor-orban",
        "label": "Viktor Orban"
      }
    ],
    "era": [
      {
        "value": "2020s",
        "label": "2020s",
        "count": 2
      },
      {
        "value": "2010s",
        "label": "2010s",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "1990s",
        "label": "1990s",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "1970s",
        "label": "1970s",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "year": [
      {
        "value": "1971",
        "label": "1971",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "1998",
        "label": "1998",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "2013",
        "label": "2013",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "2023",
        "label": "2023",
        "count": 1
      },
      {
        "value": "2025",
        "label": "2025",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "has_case": [
      {
        "value": "0",
        "label": "without a court case",
        "count": 5
      }
    ]
  },
  "results": [
    {
      "slug": "2025-fcc-pressure-precedes-kimmel-suspension",
      "title": "United States: Federal Communications Commission chairman's remarks and the suspension of Jimmy Kimmel Live!, September 2025",
      "occurred_on": "2025-09-17",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "US",
      "country_name": "United States",
      "continent": "north-america",
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "funding_and_ownership_pressure",
      "tactics": [
        "funding_and_ownership_pressure",
        "outlet_licensing"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "donald-trump",
      "leader_name": "Donald Trump",
      "issue_of_the_day": "Jimmy Kimmel's on-air remarks about speculation over the motives of the person who killed Charlie Kirk, according to NPR.",
      "outcome": "reversed",
      "outcome_on": "2025-09-23",
      "outcome_note": "ABC announced the show's return for 2025-09-23 after about a week off the air, according to Al Jazeera (s112).",
      "stage": "pressure",
      "ladder_note": null,
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 64,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "2020s",
      "granularity": "granular",
      "status": "in_effect",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "On September 17, 2025, the chairman of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), the United States regulator of broadcasting, Brendan Carr, said broadcasters could \"do this the easy way or the hard way\" over remarks by the television host Jimmy Kimmel, and warned of \"additional work for the FCC ahead.\" Within hours, the station owners Nexstar and Sinclair said they would pull Jimmy Kimmel Live! from their stations, and ABC, the network that airs it, did the same, according to NPR. ABC announced that the show would return on September 23, 2025, according to Al Jazeera.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2025-fcc-pressure-precedes-kimmel-suspension"
    },
    {
      "slug": "2023-hungary-sovereignty-protection-act",
      "title": "Hungary: National Sovereignty Protection Act and Sovereignty Protection Office, December 2023",
      "occurred_on": "2023-12-20",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "HU",
      "country_name": "Hungary",
      "continent": "europe",
      "jurisdiction": "HU",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "disinformation_labeling",
      "tactics": [
        "disinformation_labeling",
        "funding_and_ownership_pressure"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "viktor-orban",
      "leader_name": "Viktor Orban",
      "issue_of_the_day": null,
      "outcome": "reversed",
      "outcome_on": "2026-06-30",
      "outcome_note": "The National Assembly abolished the Sovereignty Protection Office on 2026-06-30, according to CPJ (s055).",
      "stage": "pressure",
      "ladder_note": null,
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 74,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 74th of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "2020s",
      "granularity": "granular",
      "status": "in_effect",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "On December 20, 2023, the president of Hungary, Katalin Novák, promulgated the National Sovereignty Protection Act, passed by the National Assembly, Hungary's parliament, during the government of the prime minister, Viktor Orbán. The law created a Sovereignty Protection Office empowered to investigate organizations, including news outlets, that it determined might be influenced by foreign actors or threaten national sovereignty. A week earlier, ten Hungarian media outlets had said the law \"is capable of severely restricting the freedom of the press.\" After a change of government in 2026, the National Assembly abolished the office on June 30, 2026.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2023-hungary-sovereignty-protection-act"
    },
    {
      "slug": "2013-ecuador-communications-law-supercom",
      "title": "Ecuador's Organic Communication Law creates a regulator that issues hundreds of sanctions against journalists and outlets",
      "occurred_on": "2013-06-25",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "EC",
      "country_name": "Ecuador",
      "continent": "south-america",
      "jurisdiction": "EC",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "funding_and_ownership_pressure",
      "tactics": [
        "funding_and_ownership_pressure",
        "insult_and_defamation_laws"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "rafael-correa",
      "leader_name": "Rafael Correa",
      "issue_of_the_day": "President Correa's long-running public disputes with Ecuadorian media over their coverage of his government, including a separate 2011 libel case against the newspaper El Universo.",
      "outcome": "reversed",
      "outcome_on": "2019-02-20",
      "outcome_note": "President Lenin Moreno's government moved to eliminate SUPERCOM in 2018, and the reform of the Communication Law was published in the Official Register on February 20, 2019; Fundamedios director Cesar Ricaurte said the surrounding legal framework nonetheless remained \"intact.\"",
      "stage": "pressure",
      "ladder_note": null,
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 125,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 125th of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "2010s",
      "granularity": "anchor",
      "status": "historical",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "Ecuador's National Assembly passed the Organic Communication Law under President Rafael Correa, creating the Superintendency of Information and Communication (SUPERCOM), a regulator that issued more than 675 sanctions against journalists and media outlets over the following four years.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2013-ecuador-communications-law-supercom"
    },
    {
      "slug": "1998-serbia-public-information-act-fines",
      "title": "Serbia's Public Information Act lets courts fine independent newspapers into financial danger",
      "occurred_on": "1998-10-20",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "RS",
      "country_name": "Serbia",
      "continent": "europe",
      "jurisdiction": "RS",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "insult_and_defamation_laws",
      "tactics": [
        "funding_and_ownership_pressure",
        "insult_and_defamation_laws"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "slobodan-milosevic",
      "leader_name": "Slobodan Milosevic",
      "issue_of_the_day": "Independent Serbian media's coverage of NATO's escalating confrontation with Yugoslavia over Kosovo through 1998 and 1999.",
      "outcome": "reversed",
      "outcome_on": "2000-10-01",
      "outcome_note": "The law was suspended after Milosevic lost power in October 2000 elections and a change of government in Serbia.",
      "stage": "punish",
      "ladder_note": null,
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 104,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 104th of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "1990s",
      "granularity": "anchor",
      "status": "historical",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "Serbia's parliament passed a Public Information Act allowing courts to levy same-day fines against newspapers for vaguely defined offenses against the state's interests, and independent papers were fined far more often and more heavily than pro-government ones.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1998-serbia-public-information-act-fines"
    },
    {
      "slug": "1971-us-nixon-enemies-list",
      "title": "Nixon White House compiles an enemies list naming journalists for official pressure",
      "occurred_on": "1971-08-16",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "US",
      "country_name": "United States",
      "continent": "north-america",
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "surveillance_and_subpoenas",
      "tactics": [
        "funding_and_ownership_pressure",
        "surveillance_and_subpoenas"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "richard-nixon",
      "leader_name": "Richard Nixon",
      "issue_of_the_day": "Nixon's aides were reacting to sustained critical coverage and commentary from named journalists during his first term, including Mary McGrory's columns, which an internal notation described as habitually critical to the president.",
      "outcome": "reversed",
      "outcome_on": "1973-06-27",
      "outcome_note": "The list became public during John Dean's Senate Watergate Committee testimony, discrediting the effort as Nixon's presidency unraveled over the wider Watergate scandal.",
      "stage": "pressure",
      "ladder_note": null,
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 64,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "1970s",
      "granularity": "anchor",
      "status": "historical",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "White House Counsel John Dean wrote a memo on how to use federal agencies against President Nixon's political opponents, and the resulting list of more than 200 names included journalists such as CBS News correspondent Daniel Schorr. It became public during the 1973 Senate Watergate hearings.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1971-us-nixon-enemies-list"
    }
  ],
  "other_results": [],
  "downloads": {
    "csv": "https://thewaronnews.com/search?tactic=funding_and_ownership_pressure&outcome=reversed&view=cards&format=csv",
    "json": "https://thewaronnews.com/search.json?tactic=funding_and_ownership_pressure&outcome=reversed&view=cards",
    "md": "https://thewaronnews.com/search.md?tactic=funding_and_ownership_pressure&outcome=reversed&view=cards"
  },
  "license": {
    "name": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
  }
}