{
  "title": "Search: prior restraint, outcome upheld by a court",
  "canonical_url": "https://thewaronnews.com/search?tactic=prior_restraint&outcome=upheld&view=cards",
  "filters": {
    "tactic": "prior_restraint",
    "outcome": "upheld",
    "view": "cards"
  },
  "sort": "date",
  "count": 1,
  "page": 1,
  "pages": 1,
  "per_page": 50,
  "counts_caveat": "The number of entries reflects the depth of this record, not the severity of a country's conduct.",
  "facets": {
    "country": [
      {
        "value": "US",
        "label": "United States",
        "rsf": {
          "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
          "year": 2026,
          "rank": 64,
          "of": 180,
          "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180",
          "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
        }
      }
    ],
    "continent": [
      {
        "value": "north-america",
        "label": "North America"
      }
    ],
    "tactic": [
      {
        "value": "prior_restraint",
        "label": "Prior restraint",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "stage": [
      {
        "value": "silence",
        "label": "Silence",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "level": [
      {
        "value": "national",
        "label": "National",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "outcome": [
      {
        "value": "upheld",
        "label": "Upheld by a court",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "leader": [
      {
        "value": "george-hw-bush",
        "label": "George H. W. Bush"
      }
    ],
    "era": [
      {
        "value": "1990s",
        "label": "1990s",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "year": [
      {
        "value": "1990",
        "label": "1990",
        "count": 1
      }
    ],
    "has_case": [
      {
        "value": "0",
        "label": "without a court case",
        "count": 1
      }
    ]
  },
  "results": [
    {
      "slug": "1990-us-cnn-noriega-prior-restraint",
      "title": "United States federal court bars CNN from broadcasting recordings of Manuel Noriega's calls with his lawyers",
      "occurred_on": "1990-11-08",
      "occurred_on_precision": "day",
      "country": "US",
      "country_name": "United States",
      "continent": "north-america",
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "level": "national",
      "tactic_primary": "prior_restraint",
      "tactics": [
        "prior_restraint"
      ],
      "leader_slug": "george-hw-bush",
      "leader_name": "George H. W. Bush",
      "issue_of_the_day": "Manuel Noriega was a defendant in a pending federal criminal proceeding in Florida when Cable News Network obtained recordings of his prison telephone calls with his attorneys.",
      "outcome": "upheld",
      "outcome_on": "1990-11-18",
      "outcome_note": "The Supreme Court of the United States denied Cable News Network's request to stay the restraining orders and denied its petition for certiorari on November 18, 1990, over a dissent from Justices Thurgood Marshall and Sandra Day O'Connor.",
      "stage": "silence",
      "ladder_note": null,
      "rsf": {
        "index": "RSF World Press Freedom Index",
        "year": 2026,
        "rank": 64,
        "of": 180,
        "label": "RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180",
        "source_url": "https://rsf.org/en/index"
      },
      "era": "1990s",
      "granularity": "anchor",
      "status": "historical",
      "case_count": 0,
      "summary": "In November 1990, the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida ordered Cable News Network to stop broadcasting tape recordings of jailed former Panamanian leader Manuel Noriega's telephone conversations with his defense lawyers. The Supreme Court of the United States declined to lift the order on November 18, 1990, over a dissent from Justices Thurgood Marshall and Sandra Day O'Connor.",
      "url": "https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1990-us-cnn-noriega-prior-restraint"
    }
  ],
  "other_results": [],
  "downloads": {
    "csv": "https://thewaronnews.com/search?tactic=prior_restraint&outcome=upheld&view=cards&format=csv",
    "json": "https://thewaronnews.com/search.json?tactic=prior_restraint&outcome=upheld&view=cards",
    "md": "https://thewaronnews.com/search.md?tactic=prior_restraint&outcome=upheld&view=cards"
  },
  "license": {
    "name": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
  }
}