# Search, stage: punish, 1900 to 1949

The number of entries reflects the depth of this record, not the severity of a country's conduct.

Filters: country, continent, tactic, stage, from, to, level, actor, leader, outlet, outcome, source_kind, has_case, plus q, sort (date, date_asc, country, tactic, relevance), per_page (up to 100), page and view (table or cards), as query parameters.

5 incidents match this view.

| Date | Incident | Country | Tactic | Head of government | Outcome |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 8 June 1925 | [United States: Supreme Court upholds Benjamin Gitlow's conviction under New York's Criminal Anarchy Law, 1925](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1925-us-supreme-court-upholds-gitlow-anarchy-conviction) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Secrets and espionage laws](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/secrets_and_espionage_laws) | [Alfred E. Smith](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/al-smith) | Upheld by a court (8 June 1925) |
| 26 June 1918 | [United States convicts newspaper editor Jacob Frohwerk under the Espionage Act, June 1918](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1918-us-espionage-act-conviction-of-editor-frohwerk) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Secrets and espionage laws](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/secrets_and_espionage_laws) | [Woodrow Wilson](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/woodrow-wilson) | Upheld by a court (10 March 1919) |
| 1917 | [United States convicts Mother Earth editor Emma Goldman of draft conspiracy and bars her magazine from the mail](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1917-us-mother-earth-editor-emma-goldman-convicted-magazine-barred-from-mail) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Detention and violence](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/detention_and_violence) | [Woodrow Wilson](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/woodrow-wilson) | Upheld by a court (14 January 1918) |
| 4 March 1909 | [United States: President Theodore Roosevelt seeks criminal libel indictments against the New York World and the Indianapolis News over Panama Canal reporting](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1909-us-panama-canal-libel-prosecutions) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Insult and defamation laws](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/insult_and_defamation_laws) | [Theodore Roosevelt](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/theodore-roosevelt) | Reversed (3 January 1911) |
| 1901 | [Philippines: United States colonial government's libel law is used to close the newspaper El Renacimiento](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1901-philippines-us-colonial-libel-act-el-renacimiento) | [Philippines](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/ph) ([RSF 2026 rank: 114th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Insult and defamation laws](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/insult_and_defamation_laws) | [William Howard Taft](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/william-howard-taft) | Upheld by a court (1 January 1914) |

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