# Search, stage: punish, national level

The number of entries reflects the depth of this record, not the severity of a country's conduct.

Filters: country, continent, tactic, stage, from, to, level, actor, leader, outlet, outcome, source_kind, has_case, plus q, sort (date, date_asc, country, tactic, relevance), per_page (up to 100), page and view (table or cards), as query parameters.

63 incidents match this view. Showing 13 on page 2 of 2.

| Date | Incident | Country | Tactic | Head of government | Outcome |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 12 May 2005 | [Zimbabwe: the High Court refuses to accredit Daily News journalists under the media registration law](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/2005-zimbabwe-court-refuses-daily-news-accreditation) | [Zimbabwe](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/zw) ([RSF 2026 rank: 124th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Credential control](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/credential_control) | [Robert Mugabe](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/robert-mugabe) | Upheld by a court (12 May 2005) |
| 20 October 1998 | [Serbia's Public Information Act lets courts fine independent newspapers into financial danger](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1998-serbia-public-information-act-fines) | [Serbia](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/rs) ([RSF 2026 rank: 104th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Insult and defamation laws](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/insult_and_defamation_laws) | [Slobodan Milosevic](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/slobodan-milosevic) | Reversed (1 October 2000) |
| 1997 | [Belarus jails journalist Pavel Sheremet over his reporting for Russian television station ORT](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1997-by-sheremet-imprisoned-for-ort-reporting) | [Belarus](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/by) ([RSF 2026 rank: 165th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Detention and violence](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/detention_and_violence) | [Alexander Lukashenko](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/alexander-lukashenko) | Sustained |
| 14 June 1989 | [China expels foreign journalists and restricts coverage of the Tiananmen Square protests](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1989-china-tiananmen-foreign-journalists-expelled) | [China](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/cn) ([RSF 2026 rank: 178th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Expulsion and visa denial](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/expulsion_and_visa_denial) | [Li Peng](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/li-peng) | Sustained (1 January 1990) |
| 30 August 1986 | [Soviet Union: arrest and seven-week detention of American correspondent Nicholas Daniloff in Moscow, 1986](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1986-ussr-daniloff-moscow-arrest) | [Russia](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/ru) ([RSF 2026 rank: 172nd of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Detention and violence](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/detention_and_violence) | [Mikhail Gorbachev](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/mikhail-gorbachev) | Reversed (29 September 1986) |
| 1985 | [United States: Espionage Act conviction of Samuel Loring Morison for leaking satellite photographs to Jane's Defence Weekly, 1985 to 1988](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1985-us-morison-espionage-act-conviction) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Secrets and espionage laws](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/secrets_and_espionage_laws) | [Ronald Reagan](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/ronald-reagan) | Upheld by a court (1 January 1988) |
| 1969 | [United States Supreme Court rules reporters have no privilege to refuse grand jury subpoenas](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1972-us-branzburg-v-hayes-reporters-privilege) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Surveillance and subpoenas](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/surveillance_and_subpoenas) | [Richard Nixon](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/richard-nixon) | Upheld by a court (29 June 1972) |
| 26 October 1962 | [West Germany: police raid Der Spiegel's offices and arrest its editors over a defense article](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1962-west-germany-spiegel-affair-raid-and-arrests) | [Germany](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/de) ([RSF 2026 rank: 14th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Detention and violence](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/detention_and_violence) | [Konrad Adenauer](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/konrad-adenauer) | Unknown |
| November 1955 | [United States Senate panel subpoenas dozens of New York Times journalists over Communist ties](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1955-us-eastland-subcommittee-subpoenas-new-york-times) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Surveillance and subpoenas](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/surveillance_and_subpoenas) | [Dwight D. Eisenhower](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/dwight-d-eisenhower) | Sustained (1 December 1956) |
| 26 June 1918 | [United States convicts newspaper editor Jacob Frohwerk under the Espionage Act, June 1918](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1918-us-espionage-act-conviction-of-editor-frohwerk) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Secrets and espionage laws](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/secrets_and_espionage_laws) | [Woodrow Wilson](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/woodrow-wilson) | Upheld by a court (10 March 1919) |
| 1917 | [United States convicts Mother Earth editor Emma Goldman of draft conspiracy and bars her magazine from the mail](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1917-us-mother-earth-editor-emma-goldman-convicted-magazine-barred-from-mail) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Detention and violence](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/detention_and_violence) | [Woodrow Wilson](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/woodrow-wilson) | Upheld by a court (14 January 1918) |
| 4 March 1909 | [United States: President Theodore Roosevelt seeks criminal libel indictments against the New York World and the Indianapolis News over Panama Canal reporting](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1909-us-panama-canal-libel-prosecutions) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Insult and defamation laws](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/insult_and_defamation_laws) | [Theodore Roosevelt](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/theodore-roosevelt) | Reversed (3 January 1911) |
| 1901 | [Philippines: United States colonial government's libel law is used to close the newspaper El Renacimiento](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1901-philippines-us-colonial-libel-act-el-renacimiento) | [Philippines](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/ph) ([RSF 2026 rank: 114th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Insult and defamation laws](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/insult_and_defamation_laws) | [William Howard Taft](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/william-howard-taft) | Upheld by a court (1 January 1914) |

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