# Search

The number of entries reflects the depth of this record, not the severity of a country's conduct.

Filters: country, continent, tactic, stage, from, to, level, actor, leader, outlet, outcome, source_kind, has_case, plus q, sort (date, date_asc, country, tactic, relevance), per_page (up to 100), page and view (table or cards), as query parameters.

226 incidents match. Showing 26 on page 5 of 5.

| Date | Incident | Country | Tactic | Head of government | Outcome |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 16 April 1944 | [Australia's wartime government seizes a Sydney newspaper edition under press controls rules](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1944-australia-calwell-newspaper-seizure) | [Australia](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/au) ([RSF 2026 rank: 33rd of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Prior restraint](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/prior_restraint) | [John Curtin](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/john-curtin) | Reversed (18 April 1944) |
| August 1942 | [United States: Justice Department investigates the Chicago Tribune under the Espionage Act over Battle of Midway coverage](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1942-us-chicago-tribune-midway-espionage-act) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Secrets and espionage laws](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/secrets_and_espionage_laws) | [Franklin D. Roosevelt](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/franklin-d-roosevelt) | Reversed (1 August 1942) |
| 19 December 1941 | [United States creates an Office of Censorship and a wartime code for the press](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1941-us-office-of-censorship-wartime-press-code) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Prior restraint](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/prior_restraint) | [Franklin D. Roosevelt](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/franklin-d-roosevelt) | Sustained (28 September 1945) |
| 8 May 1941 | [Greece: collaborationist government creates a Directorate-General for Press and Radio to review films and publications before release](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1941-greece-directorate-general-press-radio) | [Greece](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/gr) (RSF rank: not recorded) | [Prior restraint](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/prior_restraint) | [Georgios Tsolakoglou](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/georgios-tsolakoglou) | Sustained |
| 3 September 1939 | [Canada: War Measures Act regulations authorize review of hundreds of newspapers and ban political organizations](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1939-canada-defence-of-canada-regulations-censorship) | [Canada](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/ca) ([RSF 2026 rank: 20th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Prior restraint](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/prior_restraint) | [William Lyon Mackenzie King](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/william-lyon-mackenzie-king) | Sustained (31 December 1945) |
| 1939 | [Brazil's Vargas government creates a state messaging department with broad press powers](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1939-brazil-vargas-creates-dip) | [Brazil](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/br) ([RSF 2026 rank: 52nd of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Licensing and closure of outlets](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/outlet_licensing) | [Getúlio Vargas](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/getulio-vargas) | Reversed (1 January 1945) |
| April 1938 | [Franco's Spain requires state permission to be a journalist under a wartime Press Law](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1938-spain-franco-press-law) | [Spain](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/es) ([RSF 2026 rank: 29th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Credential control](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/credential_control) | [Francisco Franco](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/francisco-franco) | Reversed (1 April 1977) |
| 28 March 1938 | [United States: Supreme Court strikes down a Georgia city's permit requirement for distributing literature, 1938](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1938-us-lovell-v-griffin-permit-requirement) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Prior restraint](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/prior_restraint) | [Eurith D. Rivers](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/eurith-d-rivers) | Reversed (28 March 1938) |
| July 1937 | [Japan: government requires clearance to publish war news under the Newspaper Law, 1937](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1937-japan-newspaper-law-war-censorship) | [Japan](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/jp) (RSF rank: not recorded) | [Prior restraint](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/prior_restraint) | [Fumimaro Konoe](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/fumimaro-konoe) | Sustained |
| 12 July 1934 | [United States: Louisiana taxes large newspapers' advertising revenue; the tax is struck down in Grosjean v. American Press Co.](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1934-us-louisiana-newspaper-tax-grosjean) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Funding and ownership pressure](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/funding_and_ownership_pressure) | [Oscar K. Allen](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/oscar-k-allen) | Reversed (10 February 1936) |
| 4 October 1933 | [Nazi Germany's Editors Law bars Jewish journalists, 1933](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1933-germany-editors-law) | [Germany](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/de) ([RSF 2026 rank: 14th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Credential control](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/credential_control) | [Adolf Hitler](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/adolf-hitler) | Reversed (8 May 1945) |
| 28 February 1933 | [Germany: Reichstag Fire Decree suspends freedom of the press, February 1933](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1933-germany-reichstag-fire-decree-press-suspension) | [Germany](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/de) ([RSF 2026 rank: 14th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Licensing and closure of outlets](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/outlet_licensing) | [Adolf Hitler](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/adolf-hitler) | Sustained (1 May 1945) |
| 1933 | [Portugal's Salazar government formally establishes press controls under a new constitution](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1933-portugal-salazar-formal-censorship) | [Portugal](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/pt) ([RSF 2026 rank: 10th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Prior restraint](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/prior_restraint) | [António de Oliveira Salazar](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/antonio-salazar) | Reversed (25 April 1974) |
| 1927 | [Minnesota closes The Saturday Press in 1927; the Supreme Court strikes down the law in 1931](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1931-us-near-v-minnesota-gag-law) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Prior restraint](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/prior_restraint) | [Theodore Christianson](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/theodore-christianson) | Reversed (1 June 1931) |
| May 1926 | [United Kingdom: Government requisitions newsprint and restricts rival newspapers during the 1926 General Strike](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1926-uk-general-strike-newsprint-requisition) | [United Kingdom](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/gb) ([RSF 2026 rank: 18th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Funding and ownership pressure](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/funding_and_ownership_pressure) | [Stanley Baldwin](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/stanley-baldwin) | Ongoing (10 May 1926) |
| 1926 | [Dutch East Indies: Colonial authorities end publication of the communist newspaper Mawa under Penal Code Article 153 bis, 1926](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1926-dutch-east-indies-mawa-article-153bis) | [Indonesia](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/id) (RSF rank: not recorded) | [Licensing and closure of outlets](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/outlet_licensing) | [Andries Cornelis Dirk de Graeff](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/andries-de-graeff) | Sustained (1 January 1926) |
| 8 June 1925 | [United States: Supreme Court upholds Benjamin Gitlow's conviction under New York's Criminal Anarchy Law, 1925](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1925-us-supreme-court-upholds-gitlow-anarchy-conviction) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Secrets and espionage laws](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/secrets_and_espionage_laws) | [Alfred E. Smith](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/al-smith) | Upheld by a court (8 June 1925) |
| 1922 | [Glavlit created: Soviet censorship office, 1922](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1922-ussr-glavlit-censorship) | [Russia](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/ru) ([RSF 2026 rank: 172nd of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Prior restraint](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/prior_restraint) | [Vladimir Lenin](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/vladimir-lenin) | Ongoing (1 January 1989) |
| 26 June 1918 | [United States convicts newspaper editor Jacob Frohwerk under the Espionage Act, June 1918](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1918-us-espionage-act-conviction-of-editor-frohwerk) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Secrets and espionage laws](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/secrets_and_espionage_laws) | [Woodrow Wilson](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/woodrow-wilson) | Upheld by a court (10 March 1919) |
| July 1917 | [United States postmaster bars the magazine The Masses from the mail under the Espionage Act](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1917-us-espionage-act-bars-the-masses-from-the-mail) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Secrets and espionage laws](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/secrets_and_espionage_laws) | [Woodrow Wilson](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/woodrow-wilson) | Upheld by a court (1 November 1917) |
| 1917 | [United States convicts Mother Earth editor Emma Goldman of draft conspiracy and bars her magazine from the mail](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1917-us-mother-earth-editor-emma-goldman-convicted-magazine-barred-from-mail) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Detention and violence](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/detention_and_violence) | [Woodrow Wilson](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/woodrow-wilson) | Upheld by a court (14 January 1918) |
| 1917 | [United States Postmaster General Burleson strips the Milwaukee Leader of its mailing rate](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1917-us-burleson-mail-ban-milwaukee-leader) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Shutdowns and blocking](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/shutdowns_and_blocking) | [Woodrow Wilson](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/woodrow-wilson) | Upheld by a court (7 March 1921) |
| 27 August 1914 | [Britain's Official Press Bureau controls newspaper coverage of the First World War](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1914-britain-press-bureau-controls-wartime-newspaper-coverage) | [United Kingdom](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/gb) ([RSF 2026 rank: 18th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Prior restraint](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/prior_restraint) | [Herbert Henry Asquith](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/herbert-asquith) | Sustained (12 November 1914) |
| 9 March 1913 | [Ottoman Empire bars lawmakers and officials from editing newspapers and jails a leading editor](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1913-ottoman-empire-press-law-bars-officials-from-editing-newspapers) | [Türkiye](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/tr) ([RSF 2026 rank: 163rd of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Licensing and closure of outlets](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/outlet_licensing) | [Mehmed V](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/mehmed-v) | Sustained (9 March 1913) |
| 4 March 1909 | [United States: President Theodore Roosevelt seeks criminal libel indictments against the New York World and the Indianapolis News over Panama Canal reporting](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1909-us-panama-canal-libel-prosecutions) | [United States](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/us) ([RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Insult and defamation laws](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/insult_and_defamation_laws) | [Theodore Roosevelt](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/theodore-roosevelt) | Reversed (3 January 1911) |
| 1901 | [Philippines: United States colonial government's libel law is used to close the newspaper El Renacimiento](https://thewaronnews.com/incidents/1901-philippines-us-colonial-libel-act-el-renacimiento) | [Philippines](https://thewaronnews.com/countries/ph) ([RSF 2026 rank: 114th of 180](https://rsf.org/en/index)) | [Insult and defamation laws](https://thewaronnews.com/tactics/insult_and_defamation_laws) | [William Howard Taft](https://thewaronnews.com/leaders/william-howard-taft) | Upheld by a court (1 January 1914) |

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