Incidents: licensing and closure of outlets in Europe

Each incident is a dated action by a government, an official, a regulator, a court or a legislature that limited journalists' ability to gather or publish news.

The number of entries reflects the depth of this record, not the severity of a country's conduct.

6 incidents match this view.

Date	Incident	Country	Tactic	Head of government	Outcome
June 20, 2024	Slovakia's parliament dissolves public broadcaster RTVS, replaces it with STVR	Slovakia (RSF 2026 rank: 37th of 180)	Licensing and closure of outlets	Robert Fico	Sustained (July 1, 2024)
December 21, 2010	Hungary's parliament gives a government-appointed media council power to fine outlets for unbalanced coverage	Hungary (RSF 2026 rank: 74th of 180)	Funding and ownership pressure	Viktor Orban	Sustained (January 1, 2011)
April 14, 2001	State-controlled Gazprom takes formal control of Russia's independent NTV television network	Russia (RSF 2026 rank: 172nd of 180)	Funding and ownership pressure	Vladimir Putin	Sustained (April 14, 2001)
October 1988	United Kingdom bars broadcasters from airing Sinn Féin members' own voices	United Kingdom (RSF 2026 rank: 18th of 180)	Licensing and closure of outlets	Margaret Thatcher	Reversed (September 16, 1994)
October 4, 1933	Nazi Germany's Editors Law bars Jewish journalists from the press and puts editors under state direction	Germany (RSF 2026 rank: 14th of 180)	Credential control	Adolf Hitler	Reversed (May 8, 1945)
1922	Soviet Russia creates Glavlit, a central office to review all printed material before publication	Russia (RSF 2026 rank: 172nd of 180)	Prior restraint	Vladimir Lenin	Ongoing (January 1, 1989)

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