The War On News

A record of government actions against journalism and fact-based reporting, from the first press laws to today

By time

Timeline

Engraving of a shelf of bound volumes lit by a desk lamp

Every recorded incident and dated development, oldest first.

Years: 1901 1909 1913 1914 1917 1918 1922 1925 1926 1927 1933 1934 1937 1938 1939 1941 1942 1944 1948 1950 1951 1953 1955 1959 1960 1962 1968 1969 1971 1972 1973 1975 1976 1977 1980 1981 1983 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1995 1997 1998 2001 2002 2003 2005 2006 2007 2009 2010 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026
Types: Access ban Arrest or detention Credential revocation Funding cut Lawsuit against the press Legislation Other Regulatory action Subpoena or seizure
Countries: AR AU AZ BD BR BY Canada CL CN CU CZ DE EC EG ER ES ET United Kingdom GE GR GT Hong Kong HT Hungary ID Israel India IR JP KH KP KR KZ MA MM MT MX MY NG NI PE PH PK PL PT RS Russia SA SK El Salvador TH TN Türkiye TZ United States VE VN ZA ZW

1901

Philippines: United States colonial government's libel law is used to close the newspaper El Renacimiento

1909

United States: President Theodore Roosevelt seeks criminal libel indictments against the New York World and the Indianapolis News over Panama Canal reporting

1913

Ottoman Empire bars lawmakers and officials from editing newspapers and jails a leading editor

1914

Britain's Official Press Bureau controls newspaper coverage of the First World War

1917

United States convicts Mother Earth editor Emma Goldman of draft conspiracy and bars her magazine from the mail
United States Postmaster General Burleson strips the Milwaukee Leader of its mailing rate
United States postmaster bars the magazine The Masses from the mail under the Espionage Act

1918

United States convicts newspaper editor Jacob Frohwerk under the Espionage Act, June 1918

1922

Glavlit created: Soviet censorship office, 1922

1925

United States: Supreme Court upholds Benjamin Gitlow's conviction under New York's Criminal Anarchy Law, 1925

1926

Dutch East Indies: Colonial authorities end publication of the communist newspaper Mawa under Penal Code Article 153 bis, 1926
United Kingdom: Government requisitions newsprint and restricts rival newspapers during the 1926 General Strike

1927

Minnesota closes The Saturday Press in 1927; the Supreme Court strikes down the law in 1931

1933

Portugal's Salazar government formally establishes press controls under a new constitution
Germany: Reichstag Fire Decree suspends freedom of the press, February 1933
Nazi Germany's Editors Law bars Jewish journalists, 1933

1934

United States: Louisiana taxes large newspapers' advertising revenue; the tax is struck down in Grosjean v. American Press Co.

1937

Japan: government requires clearance to publish war news under the Newspaper Law, 1937

1938

United States: Supreme Court strikes down a Georgia city's permit requirement for distributing literature, 1938
Franco's Spain requires state permission to be a journalist under a wartime Press Law

1939

Brazil's Vargas government creates a state messaging department with broad press powers
Canada: War Measures Act regulations authorize review of hundreds of newspapers and ban political organizations

1941

Greece: collaborationist government creates a Directorate-General for Press and Radio to review films and publications before release
United States creates an Office of Censorship and a wartime code for the press

1942

United States: Justice Department investigates the Chicago Tribune under the Espionage Act over Battle of Midway coverage

1944

Australia's wartime government seizes a Sydney newspaper edition under press controls rules

1948

Israel retains a British-era law giving the military the power to review and restrict the press

1950

South Africa's Suppression of Communism Act lets the government ban publications and restrict individuals

1951

Argentina: President Juan Perón's government hands the expropriated newspaper La Prensa to the CGT labor federation, October 1951

1953

United States: Senator Joseph McCarthy's subcommittee questions New York Post editor James Wechsler, 1953

1955

United States: Tallahatchie County, Mississippi sheriff segregates Black reporters at the Emmett Till murder trial, September 1955
United States Senate panel subpoenas dozens of New York Times journalists over Communist ties

1959

Cuba: Prime Minister Fidel Castro publicly criticizes Havana newspapers that questioned his government, September 1959

1960

United States: Montgomery, Alabama commissioner sues The New York Times for libel over a civil rights advertisement
Egypt's Nasser government nationalizes every newspaper and magazine in the country

1962

United States: Texas judge allows televised pretrial hearing in the Billie Sol Estes case; Supreme Court later limits cameras in criminal courtrooms
West Germany: police raid Der Spiegel's offices and arrest its editors over a defense article

1968

Soviet-led invasion of Czechoslovakia is followed by the return of government press controls
Brazil's military government decrees the Fifth Institutional Act and moves to control the press

1969

United States Supreme Court rules reporters have no privilege to refuse grand jury subpoenas

1971

United States police search a student newspaper's offices for photographs of a protest
United States government seeks an injunction to stop The New York Times publishing the Pentagon Papers
Nixon White House compiles an enemies list naming journalists for official pressure
United States: Nixon White House "enemies list" naming journalists, September 1971

1972

Philippines President Marcos closes every major news outlet under martial law
United Kingdom court bars The Sunday Times from publishing an article on thalidomide

1973

Chile's military government shuts opposition radio stations and newspapers after the 1973 coup

1975

India imposes pre-press controls on every newspaper during the 1975 Emergency
United States judge bars the press from reporting a murder suspect's confession before trial

1976

Argentina's military junta threatens journalists with prison for reporting on its opponents

1977

South Africa bans The World and Weekend World newspapers and detains editor Percy Qoboza

1980

South Korea's martial-law government purges journalists who resisted press controls
Haiti's Duvalier government arrests and deports Radio Haiti-Inter staff, driving its director into exile

1981

Poland's martial law government shuts nearly all newspapers and interns journalists overnight

1983

United States military bars journalists from the invasion of Grenada

1985

United States: Espionage Act conviction of Samuel Loring Morison for leaking satellite photographs to Jane's Defence Weekly, 1985 to 1988
South Africa bans television and photographic coverage of unrest under a state of emergency

1986

Soviet Union: arrest and seven-week detention of American correspondent Nicholas Daniloff in Moscow, 1986

1987

Malaysia: Printing Presses and Publications Act amended to bar court review of publishing permits, 1987

1988

Burma's new military government tightens pre-publication press controls after seizing power
United Kingdom bars broadcasters from airing Sinn Féin members' own voices

1989

China expels foreign journalists and restricts coverage of the Tiananmen Square protests
United States: Pentagon press pool kept from the opening hours of the Panama invasion, December 1989

1990

United States Supreme Court strikes down Florida law barring a reporter from discussing his own grand jury testimony
United States federal court bars CNN from broadcasting recordings of Manuel Noriega's calls with his lawyers

1991

United States military restricts reporters to escorted press pools during the Gulf War

1995

Nigeria's military government convicts journalists by special tribunal over coup-plot reporting

1997

Belarus jails journalist Pavel Sheremet over his reporting for Russian television station ORT
Peru strips television station owner Baruch Ivcher of his citizenship after critical reporting

1998

Malaysia pressures domestic media and monitors foreign correspondents after arresting former deputy premier Anwar Ibrahim
Serbia's Public Information Act lets courts fine independent newspapers into financial danger

2001

State-controlled Gazprom takes formal control of Russia's independent NTV television network
Eritrea: independent press closed and journalists jailed without trial

2002

Zimbabwe enacts a law requiring all journalists and media houses to hold government licenses

2003

Pentagon sets ground rules for journalists embedded with United States forces in Iraq
Zimbabwe: police close the Daily News under the media registration law

2005

Zimbabwe: the High Court refuses to accredit Daily News journalists under the media registration law
New York Times reporter Judith Miller jailed for refusing to name a confidential source in the Valerie Plame affair

2006

Investigative journalist Anna Politkovskaya is shot dead in Moscow; a former police officer is later convicted of organizing the killing

2007

Venezuela: the government declines to renew RCTV's broadcast concession

2009

North Korea: American journalists Laura Ling and Euna Lee are sentenced to hard labor
Iran expels a BBC correspondent and restricts foreign journalists after a disputed 2009 election

2010

Israel: a court bars any mention of the 'Prisoner X' case
United States charges Army analyst Chelsea Manning under the Espionage Act for leaking to WikiLeaks
Hungary's parliament gives a government-appointed media council power to fine outlets for unbalanced coverage

2013

Thailand: magazine editor Somyot Prueksakasemsuk is sentenced to 11 years under the lese-majeste law
United States prosecutes former CIA officer John Kiriakou under the Espionage Act for identifying a covert colleague to a journalist
United States Justice Department secretly seizes two months of Associated Press phone records
United States search warrant names Fox News reporter James Rosen a possible co-conspirator in a leak case
Ecuador's Organic Communication Law creates a regulator that issues hundreds of sanctions against journalists and outlets
United Kingdom detains journalist's partner under terrorism law and oversees destruction of Guardian hard drives holding Snowden files
Vietnam: Decree 72 restricts blogs to personal information
United States: Espionage Act prosecutions of sources for leaks to the press, 2009 to 2013
Egypt arrests and later convicts three Al Jazeera journalists on terrorism-related charges

2014

United States pursues New York Times reporter James Risen's testimony for years before dropping its demand for his source

2015

Azerbaijan: investigative journalist Khadija Ismayilova sentenced to 7.5 years
Poland's new government gains power to replace public broadcaster leadership, and journalists are dismissed

2016

Türkiye: court installs trustees at Zaman newspaper
Turkey closes more than 100 media outlets by decree after a failed coup attempt

2017

Malta: minister orders reporter's bank account frozen
Mexico: journalist Carmen Aristegui receives Pegasus spyware through phishing texts
Venezuela expels or denies entry to dozens of foreign journalists covering anti-government protests
Cambodia's government forces the closure of The Cambodia Daily with a disputed multimillion-dollar tax bill

2018

Philippines: a Rappler reporter is barred from the presidential palace
Tanzania requires bloggers and online publishers to register and pay an annual government fee
Türkiye: Dogan Holding sells its media outlets to Demiroren
Myanmar sentences two Reuters journalists to seven years under the Official Secrets Act for reporting on a massacre
Nicaragua: freelance correspondent detained and deported after online campaign
Saudi Arabia: spyware on an associate's phone precedes Jamal Khashoggi's killing by one day
Egypt: a license requirement leaves an independent news site unable to operate legally for years
Saudi Arabia's government kills journalist Jamal Khashoggi inside its Istanbul consulate
Russia: outlet fined $338,000 under the foreign agents law
White House revokes CNN correspondent Jim Acosta's press credential after a news conference exchange with President Trump
United States: White House suspension of CNN correspondent Jim Acosta's hard pass, November 2018
Hungary: formation of the KESMA pro-government media foundation

2019

Türkiye: Dutch freelance journalist Ans Boersma deported
Philippines: Rappler's Maria Ressa arrested over cyber libel case
Russia: new laws penalize online "fake news" and "disrespecting authorities"
Egypt: media law used to fine and block news site al-Mashhad
United States indicts WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange under the Espionage Act
Australian Federal Police raid the national broadcaster over reporting on alleged war crimes in Afghanistan
India imposes a communications blackout in Jammu and Kashmir after revoking the region's special status
India: journalist Aatish Taseer's overseas citizenship revoked
Iran: near-total internet shutdown during fuel-price protests

2020

China: three Wall Street Journal correspondents expelled over an opinion headline
China expels American journalists from three major U.S. newspapers
China: press credentials and visas withheld from correspondents at three American newspapers
Hungary criminalizes false coronavirus information and grants Orban decree powers
Australia's High Court invalidates warrant for raid on journalist Annika Smethurst
China: citizen journalist Zhang Zhan imprisoned for Wuhan reporting
Minneapolis police projectile permanently blinds photojournalist Linda Tirado
Minnesota State Patrol arrests CNN crew live on air in Minneapolis
Philippines: Maria Ressa convicted of cyber libel
Morocco: investigative journalist Omar Radi's phone is infected with Pegasus spyware and he is later detained
Federal officers restrict press access to Portland protests; judge orders them to stop
Hungary: editor fired and staff resign at Index.hu
Belarus: accreditation withdrawn from 17 journalists working for foreign outlets
Political appointees alter CDC coronavirus guidance before public release
Ethiopia: internet and phone service cut across Tigray

2021

Myanmar: military cuts mobile internet after seizing power
Hungary: Klubradio loses its terrestrial broadcast license over its tender application
Myanmar junta revokes five outlets' licenses and raids newsrooms after coup
Poland: state oil company Orlen buys the Polska Press newspaper group
Türkiye: the presidency's press card system is found restrictive by the country's top administrative court
Russia: independent outlet Meduza designated a 'foreign agent'
Belarus blocks Tut.by and arrests its editors as 'extremist'
China (Hong Kong): Apple Daily closes after its assets are frozen under the national security law
Hungary: investigative journalist Szabolcs Panyi's phone is infected with Pegasus spyware
Justice Department bars seizing reporters' phone and email records
Court orders RCMP to stop restricting press access at Fairy Creek logging blockades
FBI raids Project Veritas founder's home over Ashley Biden diary investigation
Vietnam: journalist Pham Doan Trang is sentenced to nine years for anti-state "propaganda"

2022

Türkiye: journalist Sedef Kabas tried for insulting the president
Türkiye: journalist Sedef Kabas is arrested for a proverb about President Erdogan
Russia: regulator blocks BBC Russian, Deutsche Welle and other outlets
Russia criminalizes 'fake' reporting on the military, up to 15 years in prison
Belarus: Deutsche Welle and other outlets labeled 'extremist'
Ethiopia: Economist correspondent Tom Gardner expelled
Russia: CBC/Radio-Canada bureau closed and journalists' visas cancelled
Russia: entry bans, visa restrictions and bureau closures for foreign correspondents
Russia: journalist Ivan Safronov is sentenced to 22 years for treason
Russia: a Moscow court suspends Novaya Gazeta's print license

2023

Belarus: journalist Andrzej Poczobut sentenced to eight years
Belarus: journalist Andrzej Poczobut is sentenced to eight years for inciting hatred
Cambodia: Prime Minister Hun Sen orders Voice of Democracy's license revoked over one article
Indian tax authorities search BBC offices weeks after Modi documentary ban
Russia: journalist Maria Ponomarenko is sentenced to six years for reporting on a Mariupol strike
Nicaragua strips 94 political opponents, including journalists, of citizenship
Türkiye: the broadcast regulator fines and suspends channels for earthquake coverage
Russia: Wall Street Journal reporter Evan Gershkovich sentenced to 16 years
Guatemala convicts investigative journalist Jose Ruben Zamora on money-laundering charge
Zimbabwe's Patriotic Act criminalizes journalists' contact with foreign governments
Federal court strikes down Arizona's law banning recording police within 8 feet
Police raid Marion County Record newsroom and publisher's home in Kansas
India: Gaon Savera's Facebook and X accounts blocked
Turkish authorities detain three journalists under 'disinformation' law
Hungary: National Sovereignty Protection Act and Sovereignty Protection Office, December 2023

2024

Iran: journalists Niloofar Hamedi and Elahe Mohammadi are sentenced to 13 and 12 years
Bombay High Court strikes down India's government 'fact check unit' rule
Milei's government shuts down Argentina's state news agency Telam
United States (Louisiana): 25-foot buffer zone law around police officers, May 2024
Georgia 'foreign influence' law for media, 2024
Slovakia's parliament dissolves public broadcaster RTVS, replaces it with STVR
Venezuela detains, expels and restricts journalists after disputed 2024 election
Kazakhstan: new accreditation rules let officials withdraw a journalist's pass for off-topic questions
Hong Kong court convicts Stand News editors of sedition
China: editor Dong Yuyu is sentenced to seven years for espionage over meals with a diplomat
Trump sues Des Moines Register and pollster Ann Selzer over final Iowa poll

2025

United States (Florida): Halo Law buffer zone around first responders, January 2025
Tunisia's cybercrime decree pushes jailed-journalist count to highest since 1992
FCC chair reopens 'news distortion' complaints against CBS and NBC
Pakistan amends cybercrime law to create new agency policing 'fake' online content
United States (Louisiana): Federal court order blocking enforcement of the police buffer zone law, January 2025
Journalists beaten in Bangladesh in separate incidents as interim government drafts new cyber laws
Border czar Tom Homan says ICE media ride-alongs may end over leaks
United States: White House exclusion of the Associated Press from the Oval Office and Air Force One, February 2025
United States: White House takes over selection of the presidential press pool, February 2025
United States: U.S. Agency for Global Media action to shut down Voice of America operations, March 2025
Türkiye: detention, injury and deportation of journalists covering protests, March 2025
White House ends wire services' guaranteed seat in the press pool
60 Minutes executive producer resigns, citing lost editorial independence
United States: Department of Justice rescission of rules limiting subpoenas of journalists, April 2025
United States: Executive Order 14290 directing an end to federal funding for NPR and PBS, May 2025
Officer shoots Australian journalist with rubber bullet during Los Angeles immigration protests
United States: Paramount settlement of Donald Trump's lawsuit over a 60 Minutes interview, July 2025
Trump sues Wall Street Journal and Rupert Murdoch over Epstein birthday letter story
Congress cuts $1.1 billion in federal funding for public broadcasting
FCC approves Paramount-Skydance merger after CBS ombudsman and anti-DEI pledges
Ethiopia arrests at least six journalists including Sheger FM staff over election-year coverage
Serbian police strike, detain and disarm journalists covering anti-government protests
Trump files, then refiles, $15 billion defamation suit against the New York Times
United States: Federal Communications Commission chairman's remarks and the suspension of Jimmy Kimmel Live!, September 2025
United States: Department of Defense press credential rules requiring approval before release of information, September 2025
United States: News organizations turn in their Pentagon press credentials, October 2025
Tanzania shuts down internet access on election day amid unrest
White House closes 'Upper Press' section of West Wing to reporters
China (Hong Kong): conviction and 20-year sentence of the media owner Jimmy Lai under the National Security Law, 2025 to 2026

2026

Israel: ban on independent entry of foreign journalists into the Gaza Strip, 2023 to 2026
India: one-year prison sentence for the journalist Ravi Nair in a criminal defamation case, February 2026
Hungary: a ruling-party mayor forcibly removes Telex reporters from a campaign event
El Salvador: freeze on assets of shareholders in El Faro's parent company, February to April 2026
Appeals court orders FCC to respond to challenge over 'news distortion' policy
Customs officers seize Grayzone editor's phones at Virginia airport over Iran reporting
Russia: asset freezes on exiled "foreign agents", Aug 2026
Kazakhstan: fabricated copyright complaints used against journalists
CNN, MS NOW, Politico hard passes deactivated, 2026
Trump announces CNN, MS NOW and Politico will be banned from the White House claim (announcement)
Secret Service deactivates the three outlets' hard passes; reporters denied entry claim (action)
WHCA statement on the White House's position on CNN, MS NOW and Politico claim (statement)
Other pool networks decline to fill CNN's vacated rotating pool slot claim (action)
CNN, MS NOW and Politico file suit against Trump and the White House claim (filing)
Trump administration files opposition to the outlets' motion for a temporary restraining order claim (filing)
Hearing scheduled in Cable News Network, Inc. v. Trump claim (hearing)
Access restored after the order; CNN and MS NOW reporters denied entry to the state dinner arrival for Xi Jinping claim (action)
Outlets tell the court the White House has repeatedly violated the order; reporters regain entry around noon claim (filing)
Judge Timothy Kelly grants a temporary restraining order; White House told to reinstate the three outlets' hard passes claim (ruling)
Network television pool resumes with CNN taking part claim (action)
White House guidance replaces CNN with Real America's Voice News on Air Force One for the September 26 trip to Tennessee claim (action)
No television pool travels on Air Force One to Tennessee after CNN is left off; the other pool networks decline to take its place claim (action)
Network television camera crew films the president's public events again, a day after no TV pool traveled claim (action)
Attorney General Todd Blanche says press access to the White House and Air Force One is a privilege claim (statement)
CNN, MS NOW, Politico and three reporters file a motion for a preliminary injunction claim (filing)
TIME reports that the network television pool is resuming its coverage of the president claim (action)
White House removes CNN from the press pool for the October 1 Texas and Oklahoma trip claim (action)
Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press and 77 media organizations move to file an amicus brief claim (filing)
Court sets the hearing on the preliminary injunction motion for October 8, 2026 claim (hearing)
Judge grants the Society for the Rule of Law and Democracy leave to file an amicus brief claim (ruling)
Defendants file opposition to the preliminary injunction motion claim (filing)
NAACP moves to file an amicus brief supporting the preliminary injunction motion claim (filing)
Judge grants Reporters Committee and 77 media organizations leave to file an amicus brief claim (ruling)
White House does not allow Politico on Air Force One for its print pool turn claim (action)
Plaintiffs file reply in support of the preliminary injunction motion claim (filing)
Court hears preliminary injunction motion and extends temporary restraining order to 2026-10-13 claim (hearing)
Justice Department says it is investigating whether the White House television pool's halt of coverage violated antitrust law claim (statement)
Judge Timothy Kelly grants a preliminary injunction barring the administration from banning CNN, MS NOW and Politico from the White House complex while the lawsuit proceeds claim (ruling)
Defendants file a notice of interlocutory appeal to the D.C. Circuit from the preliminary injunction order and opinion claim (filing)
CNN's outside counsel sends the Justice Department a demand letter over CNN's exclusion from Air Force One and pool duties claim (statement)
Trump says in a social media post he may move the White House press corps to a different location claim (statement)
CNN, MS NOW and Politico file an amended complaint seeking access to the Oval Office and Air Force One claim (filing)
Plaintiffs file a further motion for a preliminary injunction and request an expedited hearing claim (filing)
Court sets briefing deadlines and a December 2, 2026 hearing on the further preliminary injunction motion claim (hearing)
Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press moves to file an amicus brief on the further preliminary injunction motion claim (filing)