The record
Incidents: expulsion and visa denial in North America, national level
Each incident is a dated action by a government, an official, a regulator, a court or a legislature that limited journalists' ability to gather or publish news.
The number of entries reflects the depth of this record, not the severity of a country's conduct.
All filters: country, dates, head of government, sort
CountryHaiti, RSF 2026 rank: 107th of 180Nicaragua, RSF 2026 rank: 168th of 180United States, RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180
ContinentNorth America
LevelNational 4
| Date | Incident | Country | Tactic | Head of government | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15 February 2023 | Nicaragua strips 94 political opponents, including journalists, of citizenship | Nicaragua (RSF 2026 rank: 168th of 180) | Expulsion and visa denial | Daniel Ortega | Sustained |
| September 2018 | Nicaragua: freelance correspondent detained and deported after online campaign | Nicaragua (RSF 2026 rank: 168th of 180) | Expulsion and visa denial | Daniel Ortega | Sustained (30 September 2018) |
| 1980 | Haiti's Duvalier government arrests and deports Radio Haiti-Inter staff, driving its director into exile | Haiti (RSF 2026 rank: 107th of 180) | Expulsion and visa denial | Jean-Claude Duvalier | Reversed (1 February 1986) |
| 1917 | United States convicts Mother Earth editor Emma Goldman of draft conspiracy and bars her magazine from the mail | United States (RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180) | Detention and violence | Woodrow Wilson | Upheld by a court (14 January 1918) |
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