Search: credential control in Europe
The number of entries reflects the depth of this record, not the severity of a country's conduct.
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ContinentEurope
TacticCredential control 2Insult and defamation laws 1Prior restraint 1Licensing and closure of outlets 1
StageSilence 2
OutcomeReversed 2
LevelNational 2
Franco's Spain requires state permission to be a journalist under a wartime Press Law
While Spain's civil war continued, the Nationalist government led by Francisco Franco enacted a Press Law in April 1938 requiring government permission to found a newspaper, work as a journalist or direct a paper, alongside continued pre-p…
Credential control · Stage Silence · Head of government Francisco Franco · Reversed
Nazi Germany's Editors Law bars Jewish journalists, 1933
In 1933, Germany's Editors Law (Schriftleitergesetz) required journalists to register with a new state-controlled Reich Press Chamber and barred non-Aryans from the profession. Passed nine months after Adolf Hitler became chancellor, it al…
Credential control · Stage Silence · Head of government Adolf Hitler · Reversed