The War On News

A record of government actions against journalism and fact-based reporting, from the first press laws to today

Search, 1900 to 1949, outcome upheld by a court

The number of entries reflects the depth of this record, not the severity of a country's conduct.

All filters: country, dates, head of government, sort
CountryPhilippines, RSF 2026 rank: 114th of 180United States, RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180
ContinentAsiaNorth America
TacticSecrets and espionage laws 4Detention and violence 3Shutdowns and blocking 3Expulsion and visa denial 1Insult and defamation laws 1Lawsuits against the press 1
StagePunish 4Silence 2
OutcomeUpheld by a court 6
LevelNational 5State or province 1
Head of governmentAlfred E. SmithWilliam Howard TaftWoodrow Wilson

6 incidents match this view.

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DateIncidentCountryTacticHead of governmentOutcome
8 June 1925United States: Supreme Court upholds Benjamin Gitlow's conviction under New York's Criminal Anarchy Law, 1925United States (RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180)Secrets and espionage lawsAlfred E. SmithUpheld by a court (8 June 1925)
26 June 1918United States convicts newspaper editor Jacob Frohwerk under the Espionage Act, June 1918United States (RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180)Secrets and espionage lawsWoodrow WilsonUpheld by a court (10 March 1919)
July 1917United States postmaster bars the magazine The Masses from the mail under the Espionage ActUnited States (RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180)Secrets and espionage lawsWoodrow WilsonUpheld by a court (1 November 1917)
1917United States convicts Mother Earth editor Emma Goldman of draft conspiracy and bars her magazine from the mailUnited States (RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180)Detention and violenceWoodrow WilsonUpheld by a court (14 January 1918)
1917United States Postmaster General Burleson strips the Milwaukee Leader of its mailing rateUnited States (RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180)Shutdowns and blockingWoodrow WilsonUpheld by a court (7 March 1921)
1901Philippines: United States colonial government's libel law is used to close the newspaper El RenacimientoPhilippines (RSF 2026 rank: 114th of 180)Insult and defamation lawsWilliam Howard TaftUpheld by a court (1 January 1914)
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