Incidents: insult and defamation laws in Europe

Each incident is a dated action by a government, an official, a regulator, a court or a legislature that limited journalists' ability to gather or publish news.

The number of entries reflects the depth of this record, not the severity of a country's conduct.

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CountryAnyArgentinaAustraliaAzerbaijanBangladeshBelarusBrazilCambodiaCanadaChileChinaCubaCzechiaEcuadorEgyptEl SalvadorEritreaEthiopiaGeorgiaGermanyGreeceGuatemalaHaitiHong KongHungaryIndiaIndonesiaIranIsraelJapanKazakhstanMalaysiaMaltaMexicoMoroccoMyanmarNicaraguaNigeriaNorth KoreaPakistanPeruPhilippinesPolandPortugalRussiaSaudi ArabiaSerbiaSlovakiaSouth AfricaSouth KoreaSpainTanzaniaThailandTunisiaTürkiyeUnited KingdomUnited StatesVenezuelaViet NamZimbabwe

ContinentAnyAfricaAsiaEuropeNorth AmericaSouth AmericaOceania

TacticAnyAccess bans (32)Credential control (13)Licensing and closure of outlets (36)Prior restraint (34)Secrets and espionage laws (29)Insult and defamation laws (17)Surveillance and subpoenas (26)Funding and ownership pressure (33)Expulsion and visa denial (15)Shutdowns and blocking (22)Detention and violence (50)Lawsuits against the press (13)Official labels (13)

StageAnyRestrict (23)Pressure (48)Punish (70)Silence (63)Eliminate (22)

Level of governmentAnyNational (204)State or province (16)Municipal (6)Supranational

OutcomeAnyReversed (61)Upheld by a court (18)Sustained (79)Ongoing (41)Unknown (27)

Head of governmentAnyAbdel Fattah el-SisiAbiy AhmedAdly MansourAdolf HitlerAlberto FujimoriAlejandro GiammatteiAleksandar VucicAlexander DubčekAlexander LukashenkoAlfred E. SmithAndries Cornelis Dirk de GraeffAntónio de Oliveira SalazarArtur da Costa e SilvaAugusto PinochetAung San Suu KyiBalthazar Johannes VorsterBarack ObamaBeata SzydloBenjamin NetanyahuBob MartinezCarrie LamChun Doo-hwanDaniel François MalanDaniel OrtegaDavid Ben-GurionDavid CameronDonald TrumpDoug DuceyDwight D. EisenhowerEbrahim RaisiEdward HeathEmmerson MnangagwaEnrique Pena NietoEurith D. RiversFerdinand MarcosFidel CastroFrancisco FrancoFranklin D. RooseveltFumimaro KonoeGamal Abdel NasserGeorge H. W. BushGeorge W. BushGeorgios TsolakoglouGetúlio VargasHassan RouhaniHerbert Henry AsquithHugh L. WhiteHugo ChavezHun SenIlham AliyevIndira GandhiIrakli KobakhidzeIsaias AfwerkiJ. James ExonJacob FreyJavier MileiJean-Claude DuvalierJeff LandryJoe BidenJohn CurtinJohn HorganJohn LeeJohn MagufuliJohn PattersonJorge Rafael VidelaJoseph MuscatJuan PerónKais SaiedKaren BassKassym-Jomart TokayevKim Jong IlKonrad AdenauerLaura KellyLi PengMahathir MohamadMahmoud AhmadinejadMargaret ThatcherMateusz MorawieckiMehmed VMikhail GorbachevMin Aung HlaingMuhammad YunusNarendra ModiNayib BukeleNguyen Tan DungNguyen Xuan PhucNicolas MaduroOscar K. AllenP. W. BothaPrice DanielRafael CorreaRecep Tayyip ErdoğanRichard NixonRobert FicoRobert MugabeRodrigo DuterteRon DeSantisRonald ReaganSaadeddine OthmaniSalman bin Abdulaziz Al SaudSamia Suluhu HassanSani AbachaSaw MaungScott MorrisonShehbaz SharifSlobodan MilosevicStanley BaldwinTheodore ChristiansonTheodore RooseveltTim WalzViktor OrbanVladimir LeninVladimir PutinWilliam Howard TaftWilliam Lyon Mackenzie KingWojciech JaruzelskiWoodrow WilsonXi JinpingYingluck Shinawatra

Court caseAnyWith a court case (3)Without a court case (223)

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